THE  GIFT  OF 

MAY  TREAT  MORRISON 

IN  MEMORY  OF 

ALEXANDER  F  MORRISON 


New  England 

MUTUAL 

Life    Insurance    Lompany, 

OIF      BOSTOInT. 


STATEMENT 

FOR     THE     YEAR     ENDING     DEC.     3  I,      I  8  7  7. 

Total  income $2,862,282  02 

Total  disbursements  for  death-claims,  endowments,  distribu- 
tions of  surplus,  etc, 2,437,100  26 

Total  cash  assets,  as  per  Insurance  Commissioner's  Report,  14,466,920  53 

Total  surplus,  as  per  Insurance  Commissioner's  Report   .     .  1,621,078  63 

New  Policies  issued,  1,871.   Terminated,  1,665. 

The  Directors'  Annual  Report,  containing  a  detailed  statement,  together 
with  the  results  of  the  investigation  of  the  Insurance  Commissioner  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, can  be  obtained  at  the 

OFFICE   OF  THE   COMPANY, 


BENJ.  F.  STEVENS,  President.  JOS.  M.  GIBBENS,  Secretary. 


HARVARD 


AND   ITS   SURnbUN  DINGS 


SECOND  EDITION,    THOROUGHLY  REVISED 


MOSES     KING 


COPIOUSL  V  I L LUSTRA  TED 


HELIOTYPES,  WOOD  ENGRAVINGS,  AND  ETCHINGS 


CAMBRIDGE,  MASS. 
MOSES    KING,    PUBLISHER 

(Harvard  College) 
1878 


Copyright,  1878, 
By  MOSES  KING- 


FrankliH  Press : 

Rand,  Avery,  and  Company, 

Boston. 

DESIGNS   BY   L.  S.  IPSEN. 

IIELIOTYPES   AND   ZINC    PLATES    BV   HELIOTYPE   COMPANY. 

SKETCHES    BV    H.  M.  STEPHENSON. 


INTRODUCTION. 


r*  This  little  handbook  is  designed  to  take  the  place  of  an  intelligent  com- 
I  panion  to  the  visitor  in  his  walk  through  Harvard  and  its  historical  vicinity, 
^'  giving  brief  yet  sufficiently  definite  descriptions  of  every  place  visited,  with 
*<  parsing  allusions  to  its  leading  historical  and  biographical  associations,  and 
(»^     devoting  the  larger  proportion  of  space  to  the  specially  noteworthy  objects. 

Our  visitor  is  assumed  to  have  arrived  at  Harvard  College,  which  can  be 
reached  in  half  an  hour  from  Boston,  either  by  carriage  or  by  the  Cambridge 
horse  cars  that  start  from  Bowdoin  Square. 

The  route  proposed  may  be  easily  ti'aced  on  the  accompanying  key  plan  — 
on  next  page  — by  following  the  numerical  order;  nevertheless,  as  correspond- 
ing numbers  are  attached  to  the  description  of  each  place  in  the  book,  an  in- 
dependent course  may  be  taken  if  one  so  desires. 

Whatever  is  most  worth  seeing  is  accessible   to  visitors  without  fees  or 
>     restrictions,  and  no  objection  is  offered  to  a  quiet  walk  through  any  of  the 
*^    grounds  or  buildhigs,  except  the  Observatory. 

(v^        An  asterisk  (*)  is  placed   in  the  Index  opposite  to  the  most  noteworthy 

.      places.     A  dagger  (f)  in  the  text  signifies  that  the  place  is  described  in  the 

^J     "  Walk  through  Caml)ridge,"  page  63. 

v^        Numbers  in  full-faced  type,  e.  g.,  (25),  that  occur  throughout  the  book, 

K     refer,  first,  to  the  description  of  the  place ;  second,  to  its  number  on  the  key 

plan ;  and  third,  to  the  illustration  pertaining  to  it,  if  there  is  any. 

\ ^        No   attempt  is  made  to  produce   anything  new;    our  object  is  merely  to 

^^^  reproduce  in  a  convenient  and  simple  form  that  which  is  already  known. 

>A.    Wherever  we  have  found  anything  adapted  to  our  purpose  we  have  made  use 

^^of  it.     We  are  specially  indebted  to  the  "  Harvard  Book,"  to  Drake's  "  His- 

^i^oric  Fields  and  Mansions  of  Middlesex,"  and  to  Rev.  William  Newell,  D.  D., 

^     John  Langdon  Sibley,  and  Rev.  A.  P.  Poabody,  D.  D.    Want  of  space  permits 

only  a  general  acknowledgment  of  our  indebtedness  to  the  various  other  sources 

from  which  information  has  been  derived. 


INDEX. 


The  number  in  the  first  column  indicates  :  1st.  The  position  of  each  place  on  the  key  plan  (page 
4);  2d,  the  consecutive  number  prefixed  to  the  various  places  described  in  the  book  ;  3d,  the  cor- 
responding illustration.  The  number  in  the  second  column  gives  the  page  on  which  the  description 
may  be  found. 

The  (*)  asterisk  points  out  to  the  visitor  whose  time  is  limited  the  specially  noteworthy  places. 


Annual  Expenditure 18 

*Appleton  Chapel 12  29 

Arsenal,  The  State 47  79 

Athletic  Association,  Harvard     .  29  48 

Astronomical  Observatory  ...  49  56 

Base  Ball  Club,  H.  U.        ...  27  44 

*BeckHall 34  64 

Bishop's  Palace 36  66 

Boat  Club,  H.  U 30  49 

Boat  House 30  49 

*  Botanic  Garden 48  55 

*Boylston  Hall 7  23 

Brattle  House 60  88 

Brookline  Bridge  Route      ...  65  91 

*Bu?sey  Institution 59 

Cambridge  Common      ....  42a  74 

*Christ  Church 42  72 

City  Building,  New       ....  61  89 

Class  Day  Tree 17  32 

College  House 39  54 

Dana  House 33  53 

*Dane  Hall 4  22 

Dental  School       ......  59 

"Divinity  Hall 23  39 


NO. 

PAGE 

18 

25 

26 

44 

50 

79 

55 

85 

Education,  Cost  of      .... 

Elective  System 

Elevation  of  Projected  Museum 

Elmwood       

*Episcopal  Theological  School 


Fayerweather  House      ....    51  81 

*Felton  Building 31  63 

First  Parish  Church       ....     40  69 

Foot  Ball  Club,  H.  U 28  47 

*GoreHall 8  24 

Government  of  the  University      .  14 

Graduates,  Number  of  ...     .  14 

*Grays  Hall 6  23 

*Gymnasium,  The 29  48 

Gymnasium,  The  New    ....  49 

Harvard  College,  History  of     .    .  11 

♦Harvard  Hall 2  21 

Harvard  Monument 11 

Hicks  House .62  89 

*Holdcn  Chapel       15  31 

*Honis  Hall 16  32 

Holmes  Field       .     .          .     .            28  .47 

Holmes  House 18  33 

*Holworthy  Hall 13  29 


INDEX. 


NO.   PAGE 

*Holyoke  House 37  53 

Hotel  Brunswick 66  92 

Instruction  at  twenty  colleges     .  16 

Introduction 3 

Jarvis  Field 27  44 

Key  Plan 4 

Law  School  (Dane  Hall)     ...      4  22 

*Lawrence  Hall 57  87 

*Lawrence  Scientific  School      .    .    20  36 

Lee  House 52  82 

Library  (Gore  Hall)       ....       8  24 

*Little's  Block 38  67 

*Longfellow's  Home 54  84 

*Loweirs  Homestead 50  79' 

*Massachusetts  Hall    .....      1  19 

*Matthews  Hall 3  21 

*Medical  School 57 

*Memorial  Hall 22  37 

*Memorial  Hall  Transept      ...    22  38 
*Mount  Auburn  Cemetery     .     .     .  50rt     80 

*Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology   25  41 

*01d  Cambridge  Baptist  Church  .    35  65 

Old  Mile  Stone 63 

Old  President's  Chair     ....  28 

*01d  President's  House     ....     5  22 

*Peabody  Museum  of  Am.  A  &  E.   24  40 

Pecuniary  Aid  for  Students     -     .  17 

President's  House 32  52 

Presidents  of  Harvard,  List  of     .  13 

Projected  Museum,  The  ....  26  43 

Projected  Museum,  Ground  Plan  of  26  43 


Quadrangle,  The 

*ReedHall      .    .    . 
Keservoir,  The  .    .     . 
Riedesel  House,  The 
Riverside  Press    .    . 


*Sanders  Theatre     .... 

Seal  of  Cambridge   •     .    . 

Seal  of  Harvard  University 

Sever  Hall 

Shepard  Memorial  Church 

Society  Hall 

*Sokliers'  Monument  .  . 
*St.  John's  Memorial  Chapel 
*Stoughton  Hall     .... 

St.  Paul's  Church   .... 

Students,  Number  of     .     . 

Students,  Sources  of  Supply  of 

Teachers,  Number  of  ...     . 

Thayer  Commons  Hall  . 

*Thayer  Hall 

*Town  Burying  Ground 

University  Book  Store    . 
*Universitj'  Hall    .     .     . 
University  Press    .    .     . 

*Vassal  House  ,     .     .     • 


Wadsworth  House      .     .     . 

Walk  through  Cambridge  . 

Walk  through  Harvard   . 
♦Washington  Elm  .... 

Washington's  Head-quarter; 

Waterhouse  House     .     .     • 
*Weld  Hall 

Zo<)logical  Hall    .... 


^1       36 


LIST  OF   FULL-PAGE   ILLUSTRATIONS. 


The  first  column  indicates  the  number  of  tlie  description.     It  also  refers  to  the  position  of  each 
place  on  the  key  plan  on  page  4.     The  second  column  indicates  the  page  of  the  illustration. 

HELIOTYPES. 

NO.  PAGE 

Appletdn  Chapel 12  30 

AsTiioNOMiCAL  Obsehvatory 49  50 

Beck  Hall 34  04 

Boat  House 30  48 

Botanic  Garden .48  50 

BoYLSTON  Hall 7  26 

BussEY  Institution 58 

College  House 39  54 

Dane  Hall 4  22 

Divinity  School 23  40 

Felton  Building 31  08 

Gore  Hall 8  26 

Grays  Hall 6  24 

Gtmnasittm 29  48 

Hakvakd  Aet  Cltib G  32 

Haiivakd  Hall 2  19 

HoLLis  Hall 16  34 

HoLWOETHY  Hall 13  32 

HoLYOKE  House 37  52 

Hotel  Brunswick,  Boston CG  92 

Lawrence  Scientific  School 20  40 

Little's  Block 38  68 

Massachusetts  Hall 1  19 

Matthews  Hall 3  22 

ISIedical  School 58 

JIemorial  Hall  and  Sanders  Theatre 22   Front. 

jNIemoeial  Dining  Hall  (Interior  View) 22  38 

Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology 25  42 

Old  President's  (Wadswoeth)  House 5  24 


8  LIST  OF  FULL-PAGE  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

HELIOTYPES  —ConHmied. 

NO.  PAGE 

Peabody  Museum  of  American  Archeology.        .....    24  42 

President's  House .        32  54 

Room  No.  31,  Beck  Hall 34  64 

Room  No.  i),  Ht)LYOKE  House 37  52 

Stoughton  Hall 14  34 

Thayer  Hall 11  30 

University  Hall 10  28 

Weld  Hall 9  28 

WOOD  ENGRAVINGS. 

Protestant  Episcopal  Theological  School  of  Mass.\chusetts     .          55  8G 

Shepard  Memorial  Church  and  Washington  Elm    .        .        .        .44,45  77 

The  Quadrangle  of  Harvard  College 20 


HALF  TITLES. 


Seal  of  Cambridge 


61 


Seal  of  Harvard  University         ...  ,,,,..      9 


A  GLANCE  AT  ITS  HISTORY. 


^ARVARD  COLLEGE  was  founded  in  1636. 
At  that  time  the  General  Court  of  the  Col- 
ony of  Massachusetts  Bay  voted  to  give  £400 
for  the  endowment  of  a  college,  and  in  the 
following  year  it  was  ordered  that  the  col- 
lege should  be  established  at  "  Newetowne," 
—  the  governor,  deputy-governor,  and  ten 
others  being  appointed  to  take  charge  of  the 
enterprise.  It  is  by  no  means  certain  that 
the  appropriation  by  the  government  was  ever 
paid;  but  it  undoubtedly  gave  both  stimulus 
and  direction  to  private  munificence,  which 
seems  to  have  been  called  forth  in  gifts  insig- 
nificant by  our  standard,  yet  lai'ge  as  measured 
by  the  poverty  of  the  infant  settlement.  A 
school  was  opened  under  the  superintendence 
of  Nathaniel  Eaton.  It  does  not  appear  that  he  had  any  assistant,  nor  is 
there  any  evidence  extant  of  his  scholarly  capacity  or  attainments.  The 
students  boarded  in  his  family,  and  seem  to  have  suffered  equally  from  his 
parsimony  and  his  tyranny. 

1  The  monument  that  bears  the  name  "  Harvard,"  erected  in  Charlestown,  is  explained  by  the 
inscription  on  the  eastern  side,  which  reads  as  follows  :  "  On  the  26th  day  of  September,  A.  D.  1828, 
this  stone  was  erected  by  the  Ga«duates  of  the  University  in  Cambridge,  in  honor  of  its  Founder, 
who  died  at  Charlestown,  on  the  26th  day  of  September,  a.  d.  1638."  On  the  western  side  is  .i 
lonp  I>atin  inscription. 


Harvard's   Monument.^ 


12  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

In  1638  Rev.  John  Harvard,  a  graduate  of  Cambridge,  England,  died  in 
Charlestown,  leaving  vo  the  college  just  coming  into  being  his  entire  library 
and  one  half  of  his  estate.  This  sum,  probably  not  far  from  £700,  exceeded 
the  aggregate  of,  c^ll  otkei^'donaitionsi  and  iii  grateful  remembrance  of  its 
chief  benefactor  the  college  was  called  by  his' name,  while  its  site  was  renamed 
after  the  seat  of  learning  at  which  he  and  not  a  few  of  his  fellow-immi- 
grants had  been  educated.  Shortly  after  Harvard's  death  Eaton  was  dis- 
missed, and  the  building  that  had  been  commenced  under  his  direction  was 
completed  under  the  supervision  of  a  member  of  the  board  of  control. 

In  1640  Rev.  Henry  Dunster  was  made  president  of  the  college,  which 
from  that  time  onward  may  be  regarded  as  a  literary  institution,  organized  and 
conducted  with  the  purpose  of  meeting  the  reasonable  demands  of  the  age 
and  the  community. 

The  early  presidents  of  the  college  were  men  of  superior  learning  for  their 
time;  the  range  of  studies  was  limited,  the  number  of  students  small  (for  the 
first  fifty  years  seldom  exceeding  twenty),  and,  though  there  may  have  been 
occasional  a.ssistant  teachers,  there  was  jio  permanent  professor  or  tutor  till 
the  close  of  the  century.  The  prescribed  course  of  study  comprehended 
some  of  the  best  known  Latin  and  Greek  authors,  more  Hebrew  than  is  now 
learned  at  our  divinity  schools,  logic  and  philosophy  as  then  taught  in  the 
English  universities,  the  mere  elements  of  mathematics,  and,  above  all,  the 
holy  Scriptures  and  Christian  theology  as  understood  by  the  New  England 
churches. 

The  first  tutor  was  the  venerable  Henry  Flynt,  appointed  in  1699,  who  re- 
mained in  office  and  resident  within  college  walls  for  fifty-five  years.  The 
first  professor  was  the  elder  Edward  Wigglesworth,  who,  in  1721,  was  ap- 
pointed professor  of  divinity  on  a  foundation  endowed  by  Thomas  lioUis, 
with  the  then  ample  income  of  £40  a  year. 

During  the  greater  portion  of  the  last  century  the  college  was  identified 
with  the  liberal  party  in  church  and  state,  and  could  not  but  bear  a  prom- 
inent part  in  the  movements  preceding  and  accompanying  the  revolution  in 
which  the  country  declared  and  achieved  its  independence.  In  17  75  the 
library  and  classes  were  removed  to  Concord,  the  college  halls  given  up  to  the 
use  of  the  jn'ovineial  army,  and  the  president's  house  offered,  and  for  a  short 
time  occupied,  as  head-quarters  for  the  commander-in-chief;  while  the  presi- 
dent himself —  an  ardent  patriot  —  served  as  chaplain  to  the  troops  on  numer- 
ous occasions,  and  notably  on  the  eve  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


13 


After  the  evacuation  of  Boston  by  the  British  the  college  resumed  its  ses- 
sions in  Cambridge,  and  maintained  for  the  ensuing  thirty  years  or  more  a 
high  but  hardly  growing  reputation  as  a  seat  of  learning.  Its  era  of  active 
and  incessant  progress  may  be  said  to  have  begun  with  the  presidency  of  Dr. 
Kirkland,  in  1810.  Since  that  period  there  has  been  among  its  professors  a 
spirit  of  literary  and  scientific  energy  and  enterprise,  among  its  students  a 
just  and  high  ambition,  and  in  the  public  a  generosity  corresponding  to  the 
ever-growing  and  always  urgent  needs  of  an  institution  that  aims  to  keep 
abreast  with  the  ripest  thought  and  learning  of  its  time. 

Of  the  large  endowments  which  now  sustain  numerous  pi'ofessor ships  and 
supply  the  means  of  support  for  more  than  one  hundred  students,  and  also  of 
the  funds  invested  in  the  buildings,  library,  observatory,  botanic  garden,  and 
collections  in  various  departments  of  science  and  art,  almost  the  entire  amount 
has  accrued  from  private  liberality.  The  gifts  of  the  colonial  and  provincial 
governments  were  scanty  and  for  specific  and  temjjorary  uses,  if  we  excej)t 
the  erection  of  several  college  buildings.  The  principal  gift  of  the  State  of 
Massachusetts  was  a  grant  of  $10,000  a  year  for  ten  years,  voted  in  1814.  Of 
this  sum  $25,000  passed  into  the  hands  of  poor  students,  $21,400  were  ap- 
plied to  the  erection  of  a  medical  college  in  Boston,  and  the  residue  was  ex- 
pended in  building  University  Hall,  which  thus  remains  the  chief  enduring 
monument  of  State  generosity. 

The  following  list  gives  the  names  and  terms  of  the  presidents  of  the  col- 
lege from  its  foundation :  — 

Henry  Dunster,  1640-1654. 
Charles  Chauncy,  1654-1671. 
Leonard  Hoar,  1672-1674. 
Uriah  Oakes,  1675-1681. 
John  Rogers,  1682-1684. 
Increase  Mather,  1685-1701. 
Samuel  Willard,  1701-1707. 
John  Leverett,  1707-1724. 
Benjamin  Wadsworth,  1725-1736. 
Edward  Holyoke,  1737-1769. 
Samuel  Locke,  1770-1773. 

In  1869  Charles  William  Eliot  was  elected  president,  and  has  filled  the 
executive  chair  since  that  time. 


Samuel  Langdon,  1774-1780. 
Joseph  Willard,  1781-1804. 
Samuel  Webber,  1806-1810. 
John  Thornton  Kirkland,  1810-1828. 
Josiah  Quincy,  1829-1845. 
Edward  Everett,  1846-1849. 
Jared  Sparks,  1849-1853. 
James  Walker,  1853-1860. 
Cornelius  Conway  Felton,  1860-1862. 
Thomas  Hill,  1862-1868. 


14  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY. 

The  government  of  the  university  may  be  briefly  described  as  follows:  The 
legal  title  of  the  corporation  is  the  ' '  President  and  Fellows  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege." The  Corporation  [consisting  of  the  President,  Fellows  (live  in  num- 
ber), and  Treasurer],  and  the  Board  of  Overseers  (thirty-two  in  number),  arc 
the  governing  powers  of  the  university,  which  comprehends  the  following  de- 
partments :  Harvard  College,  the  Divinity  School,  the  Law  School,  the  Med- 
ical School,  the  Dental  School,  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School,  the  Museum 
of  Comparative  Zoology,  the  Bussey  Institution  (a  school  of  agi'iculture), 
the  College  Lilirary,  and  the  Astronomical  Observatory.  The  Peabody  Mu- 
seum of  American  Archasology  and  Ethnology  is  a  constituent  part  of  the 
university;  but  its  relations  to  it  are  affected  by  peculiar  provisions. 

The  jyre,s/f/eH<  is  purely  an  administrative  officer  and  presides  over  the  cor- 
poration, board  of  overseers,  and  faculties  of  the  various  departments;  the 
treasurer  has  the  custody  of  the  property  of  the  university ;  the  academic  coun- 
cil, consisting  of  the  president,  professors,  and  assistant  professors  of  the  uni- 
versity, recommend  the  candidates  for  the  degrees  of  master  of  arts,  doctor  of 
science,  and  doctor  of  philosophy;  the  facultt/  of  each  department  has  the 
immediate  charge  of  it;  a  dean  is  appointed  for  each  faculty,  of  which  he  is 
in  fact  vice-president;  the  registrar  is  the  medium  between  the  student  and  the 
college  faculty,  and  keeps  the  records  of  that  faculty  and  of  the  admission, 
attendance,  and  conduct  of  the  students,  superintends  examinations,  prepares 
all  scales  of  scholarship,  and  is  chairman  of  the  parietal  committee;  the  parietal 
committee,  formed  of  the  proctors  and  officers  of  instruction  who  reside  within 
the  college  buildinfjs,  takes  cosnizance  of  offenses  by  students  atjainst  siood 
order  and  decorum;  the  bursar  is  the  treasurer's  agent  at  Cambridge,  and  re- 
ceives the  bonds  and  collects  the  amounts  due  from  students;  the  curators  of 
the  museums,  the  director  of  the  observatory,  and  the  director  of  the  botanic 
garden  have  charge  of  their  respective  departments ;  the  secretary  of  the  board 
of  overseers  keeps  its  records,  etc.,  and  the  secretaries  of  the  various  depart- 
ments are  the  assistants  of  the  deans;  the  proctors  are  the  academical  police 
officers;  the  officers  of  instruction  and  rjovernment  include  the  professors,  as- 
sistant professors,  tutors,  instructors,  and  proctors.  There  are  many  other 
officers,  but  these  are  the  most  important. 

The  whole  number  upon  whom  degrees  have  been  conferred  by  Harvard 
University  before  IS?."}  was  12,812.  To  the  present  year  tliere  have  been  of 
the  college,  9,175  graduates  ;  of  the  law  school,  1,988  ;  and  of  the  medical  school, 
2,265. 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


15 


The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  students  in  the  university,  and  in 
its  several  departments,  at  four  periods  taken  ten  years  apart  :  — 


Year. 

1846-47  . 
1856-57  . 
1866-67  . 
1876-77  . 


College. 

Divinity 
School. 

Law 
School. 

Medical 
School. 

Scientific 
School. 

Other 
Students. 

272 

31 

132 

159 

17 

382 

22 

109 

122 

57 

3 

419 

15 

157 

301 

60 

7 

821 

23 

187 

226 

29 

84 

Whole 
Univer- 
sity. 


611 

695 

959 

1,370 


The  preceding  table  shows  that  the  number  of  students  in  the  whole  uni- 
versity rather  more  than  doubled  in  thirty  years.  It  is  interesting  to  observe 
the  increase  in  the  number  of  teachers  within  the  same  period :  — 

1846-47.  1876-77. 

Professors 19  51 

Assistant  Professors 0  21 

Lecturers "...  0  3 

Tutors 4  7 

Instructors 2  30 

Assistants 0  12 

Whole  number  of  teachers     ....  —  25  —  124 

Librarians,  Proctors,  and  other  officers     .        .          10  24 

The  following  extract  and  table  is  taken  from  Charles  F.  Thwing's  article 
on  College  Instruction,  in  a  recent  number  of  "  Scribner's  Monthly."  It  will 
be  interesting  to  observe  the  comparison  of  Harvard  with  the  other  colleges. 

"  Thongh  a  few  elective  or  'exchange'  courses  of  instruction  have  been 
for  years  offered  by  most  colleges,  it  was  not  till  the  accession  of  the  pres- 
ent president  of  Harvard  that  the  system  of  elective  studies  was  introduced. 
Though  introduced  at  Harvard  in  the  face  of  much  opposition,  the  system 
has,  by  its  intellectual  and  moral  advantages,  converted  opposition  into  stanch 
support.  It  constantly  grows  in  popularity  with  both  professors  and  students, 
and  each  year  the  number  of  elective  courses  is  increased  and  their  scope  en- 
larged. At  this  time  (1876-77)  99  elective  courses  are  offered,  providing  263 
recitations  a  week.  The  liberty  of  choice  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  one  can, 
during  his  course,  take,  as  regular  studies  for  a  degree,  only  34  of  the  263 
hours  of  electives. 


i6 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


"The  following  table  shows  the  numljer  of  hours  of  instruction  a  week 
given  in  the  principal  studies  by  twenty  colleges.  Both  i)rescribed  and  elect- 
ive studies  are  included  in  the  estimate." 


Amherst    .  . 

Boston  .     .  . 

Bowdoin    .  . 

California  .  . 

Cornell  .     .  . 

Dartmouth  . 

Hamilton  .  . 

Harvard    .  . 

Michigan  .  . 

Middlebury  . 
New  York 
Northwestern 

Oberlin      .  . 

Princeton  .  . 

Trinity       .  . 

Vassar  .     .  . 

Vermont   .  . 

Virginia    .  . 
Weslevan 

Yale    "  .     .  . 


Classics, 
Ancient 

Lan- 
guages. 

Mathe- 
matics. 

Modern 

Lan- 
guages. 

Science. 

Philos- 
ophy. 

History. 

Fine 
Arts. 

21§ 

lOi 

9 

17f 

6! 

5 

n 

25 

6 

16 

10 

12 

8 

1 

21  i 

1\ 

11 

121- 

81 

6 

0 

26 

6 

13 

14 

9 

0 

0 

32 

12 

10 

10 

10 

10 

0 

20 

10 

4 

12 

10 

2 

0 

22 

11 

2§ 

10 

10 

4! 

0 

64 

29 

64 

68 

20 

28 

18 

28 

12 

15 

32 

9 

8 

0 

18 

10 

4 

13 

11 

4 

0 

24 

12 

2 

18 

8 

6 

0 

22 

7 

15 

13| 

7 

4f 

0 

24 

12 

10 

13^ 

12 

1 

1 

30 

9 

7 

15 

10 

2 

0 

23 

6i 

8| 

9 

12i 

9 

4 

0 

27i 

21 

3li 

10 

2 

17^ 

21 

12 

12 

15 

9 

6 

f 

15 

19 

13 

22 

4 

4 

0 

26 

10 

11 

27 

20 

5 

0 

38 

1^ 

19 

25 

14 

6 

0 

Total 
each 
week. 


71§ 

78 

66 

68 

84 

58 

60i 
291 
104 

60 

70 

69 

73i 

73 

64 
118 

75  f 

77 

99 
119 


The  25receding  table  shows  that  the  number  of  hours  of  instruction  each 
week  at  Harvard  greatly  exceeds  that  of  any  other  two  colleges  combined. 
The  average  number  of  hours  each  week  at  the  colleges  mentioned  above  is 
78| ;  at  Harvard  it  is  291. 

The  sources  of  supply  of  students  to  Harvard  College  ai'c  not  quite  the 
same  from  year  to  year;  yet  the  proportions  of  the  numbers  of  perse*is  who 
come  from  public  schools,  endowed  schools,  private  schools,  private  tutors, 
and  colleges  respectively  change  but  slowly.  The  number  of  schools  and  col- 
leges from  which  young  men  actually  entered  Harvard  College  in  1877  was 
fifty-five.  Of  these,  the  following,  arranged  alphabetically,  are  in  the  first 
rank  as  regards  the  number  of  scholars  prepared  for  college  :  — 


Adams  Academy,  Quincy.i 
Boston  Latin  School,  Boston. 


Brookliiie  High  School,  Brookline. 
Cambridge  High  School,  Cambridge. 


The  places  named  are  in  Massachusetts  unless  otherwise  stated. 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


17 


Chauncy  Hall  School,  Boston. 

Ea\-rs,  Wm.  N.,  private  school,  Boston. 

Friends'  Academy,  Xew  Bedford. 

Hopkinson,  J.  P.,  private  school,  Boston. 

Kendall,  J.,  private  school,  Cambridge. 

Newton  High  School,  Newton. 

Noble,  G.  \V.  C,  private  school,  Boston. 

Phillips  Academy,  Andover. 

Phillips  Exeter  Academy,  Exeter,  N.  H. 


Roxbury  Latin  SchooJ,  Koxburj'. 

St.  Mark's  School,  Soutliborough. 

St.  Paul's  School,  Concord,  N.  H. 

Salem  High  School,  Salem. 

San    Francisco    Boys'    High    School,    San 

Francisco,  Cal. 
Somerville  High  School,  Somerville. 
Williston  Seminary,  Easthampton. 
Worcester  High  School,  Worcester. 


It  is  generally  uiulerstood  that  good  scholars  of  high  character  but  slender 
means  are  seldom  or  never  obliged  to  leave  the  university  for  want  of  money. 

To  aid  worthy  students,  124  scholarships  have  been  established,  varying  in 
their  annual  income  from  !$4;0  to  $350. 

Deserving  students  can  also  obtain  pecuniary  aid  from  various  funds,  such 
as  beneficiary  money,  loan  fund,  fellowships,  monitorships,  and  prizes.  Gen- 
erous persons  are  constantly  adding  to  these  funds,  which  seem  to  keep  pace 
with  the  general  advance  of  the  university.  This  is  evident  from  the  fol- 
lowing table,  which  exhibits  the  amounts  ^laid  to  students  during  the  years 
1866-67  and  1876-77.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  amount  has  considerably  more 
than  doubled  within  ten  years. 


College  Scholarships 

"      Beneficiary  Money 

"      Loan  Fund       

Divinity  School  Scholarships 

"    '         "      from  charity  of  Edward  Hopkins 

'•  "      Beneficiary  Money 

"  "      from  the  Williams  Fund  1  .     .     . 

Law  School  Scholarships 

^Medical  School  Scholarships 

Lawrence  Scientific  School  Scholarships .  .  .  . 
I'ellowships 


1866-67. 


$18,.302.74 


1876-77. 


$10,019.00 

$25,963.86 

2,. 368. 74 

907.25 

880.00 

2,720.00 

- 

1,820  00 

2,400  00 

2,310.00 

885.00 

339.84 

1,600.00 

1,4.50.00 

150.00 

4.-)0.00 

- 

800.00 

_ 

coo.oo 

-      - 

4,223.47 

41,584.42 


'  The  Williams  Fund  cau  provide  twenty  scholarships  of  $150  each. 
2 


Part  of  it  is  uncalled  for. 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY. 


It  is  not  an  unknown  thing  for  a  penniless  freshman  to  carry  off  the  high- 
fst  honors  at  the  end  of  his  course,  after  sustaining  himself  by  the  pecuniary 
i-ewards  offered  to  high  scholarship  and  his  earnings  in  other  ways. 

The  cost  of  education  at  Harvard  University  has  been  repeatedly  discussed 
in  the  public  prints  within  the  past  few  years,  and  is  in  many  families  a  mat- 
ter of  serious  concern.  Much  of  the  connnon  talk  upon  the  subject  is  founded 
upon  loose  estimates,  or  upon  mere  guesses  or  boasts.  Trustworthy  data  for 
accurate  statements  have  recently  been  gathered  from  careful  inquiries  of 
parents,  guardians,  and 'reliable  students.  The  smallest  annual  expenditure 
reported  (including  every  item  of  cost)  was  S471.  A  few  students  kept  their 
expenditure  within  $500;  and  this  can  be  done  without  injury  to  health,  and 
without  suffering  of  any  sort.  The  great  majority  of  students  —  whose  par- 
ents are  neither  rich  nor  poor  —  spent  from  $650  to  $850  a  year;  this  is  a 
liberal  allowance.     The  upper  limit  of  expenditure  is  of  course  indeterminable. 

The  necessary  items  of  annual  expenditure  upon  four  different  scales,  with 
all  desirable  minuteness  of  specification,  can  be  seen  in  the  following  table. 
The  expenses  of  the  long  vacation  are  not  included. 


« 

Least. 

Economical. 

Moderate. 

Ample. 

Tuition 

$1.50 
20 
8 
70 
30 
10 
140* 
11 
15 
15 

30 

$1.50 
25 
10 

120 
30 
15 

175t 
15 
20 
15 

40 

$150 

30 

15 

150 

100 

25 

175t 
30 
40 
30 

35 

50 

$150 

Books    

Stationery 

Clothing 

35 

26 
300 

Room 

Furniture  (annual  average)      .     . 

Board 

i'ncl  and  light 

175 
50 

304t 
45 
50 

50 

Societies  and  subscription  to  sports 
(annual  average) 

50 
30 

Sundries 

100 

Total 

$499 

$615 

$830 

$1,365 

*  Divinity  Club. 

t  Memorial  I 

[all. 

X  Pr 

vate  club. 

\ 


MASSACHUSETTS  HALL  (I). 


HARVARD  HALL  (2). 


A  WALK  THROUGH   HARVARD. 


To  take  a  walk  through  the  grounds  of  Harvard  University,  there  is,  prob- 
ably, no  better  place  to  enter  than  at  the  main  gate  on  the  west  side  of  the 
college  "  yard,"  as  the  grounds,  lying  between  Broadway  and  Cambridge 
street  on  the  north,  Quincy  street  on  the  east,  Harvard  street  on  the  south, 
and  North  Avenue  on  the  west,  are  familiarly  called.  The  path  from  this 
gate  leads  into  the  Quarlraiu/le.  On  the  right  of  this  path,  as  you  enter  from 
the  gate,  stands  — 

1.  Massachusetts  Hall,  the  oldest  of  the  college  buildings,  bearing  the 
name  of  the  province  that  founded  the  college  and  built  this  hall.  In  1718, 
while  Mr.  Leverett  was  president,  the  General  Court  ordered  a  three-story 
brick  building,  100  by  50  feet,  to  be  erected  at  the  expense  of  the  province  as 
a  dormitory  for  students.  For  150  years  this  building  was  occupied  for  that 
purpose.  After  the  battle  of  Lexington  the  students  were  compelled  to 
vacate  the  premises  in  order  that  the  American  soldiers  might  be  accom- 
modated, but  in  1776  the  soldiers  were  withdrawn  and  the  students  again 
took  possession  of  it. 

During  Dr.  Kirkland's  administration  the  building  was  thoroughly  repaired 
and  renovated,  and  a  portion  of  the  lower  floor  assigned  to  society  and  recita- 
tion uses.  Here  the  Institute  met  in  debate,  and  the  Natural  History  Society 
held  its  meetings  and  kept  its  collections.  In  1870  Massachusetts  Hall  under- 
went an  alteration  in  its  interior  arrangements  :  the  two  upper  floors  were 
changed  into  one  large  room,  which  is  now  used  for  examinations,  while  the 
two  lower  floors  were  converted  into  a  single  story,  which,  in  addition  to  its 
use  for  examinations,  is  used  for  recitations  and  as  the  Harvard  reading  i-oom. 
In  this  building  the  classes  meet,  as  they  have  done  for  several  years,  to  choose 
their  officers  and  transact  other  class  business.  On  the  west  end,  near  the 
roof,  is  a  wooden  "  patch  :  "  many  wonder  what  it  is,  not  knowing  that  it  is  the 
shield  that  for  many  years  held  the  dial  of  a  clock  long  since  "run  out." 

On  the  left  of  the  road,  parallel  and  opposite  to  Massachusetts  Hall,  is  — 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  21 

2.  Harvard  Hall,  1765,  which  is  the  second  structure  of  that  name.  The 
original  building  was  the  first  erected  for  the  college.  Donations  from  friends 
supplied  the  means  for  erecting  the  first  building,  which,  together  with  5,000 
books  and  the  cabinet  of  apparatus,  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1764.  As  the 
General  Court  was  holding  its  sessions  in  this  hall  at  that  time,  the  province 
provided  for  the  erection  of  the  building  now  standing,  which  was  planned 
by  Governor  Bernard,  who,  it  is  said,  could  repeat  the  whole  of  Shakspere. 
Built  of  brick,  two  stories  high,  the  hall  rests  upon  a  foundation  of  Braintree 
stone,  above  which  is  a  layer  of  dressed  red  sandstone,  with  a  belt  of  the  same 
material  between  the  stories.  During  the  Revolution  the  American  army  was 
stationed  here,  and,  among  the  items  for  damages  sustained,  a  bill  was  rendered 
for  1,000  pounds  of  lead,  cut  from  the  roofs  and  carried  away,  probably  to  be 
molded  into  bullets.     In  1789  Washington  was  received  here. 

The  buttery,  an  obsolete  institution,  was  in  Harvard  Hall.  "  As  the  com- 
mons rendered  the  college  independent  of  private  boarding-houses,  so  the  but- 
tery removed  all  just  occasion  for  resorting  to  the  different  marts  of  luxury, 
intemperance,  and  ruin.  This  was  a  kind  of  supplement  to  the  commons,  and 
offered  for  sale  to  the  students,  at  a  moderate  advance  on  the  cost,  wines, 
liquors,  groceries,  stationery,  and,  in  general,  such  articles  as  it  was  proper 
and  necessary  for  them  to  have  occasionally,  and  which  for  the  most  part  were 
not  included  in  the  commons'  fare." 

At  various  times  this  building  has  contained  the  chapel,  library,  commons, 
philosophical  apparatus,  and  mineralogical  cabinet,  and  around  its  walls  hung 
the  portraits  belonging  to  the  college.  From  1842  to  1871  Commencement  din- 
ner was  served  here.  The  building  had  a  clock  which  kept  time  for  the  stu- 
dents, but  that  was  removed  when  the  faculty  arranged  to  have  control  of  the 
clock  on  the  church  opposite.  The  bell  in  the  belfry  has  been  used  for  many 
years  to  notify  students  of  their  multifarious  engagements.  The  first  bell 
was  brought  from  an  Italian  convent.  At  pi-esent  the  building  is  made  use  of 
principally  for  recitations,  readings,  and  lectures,  and  contains  a  large  amount 
of  valuable  philosophical  apparatus. 

On  the  right,  next  beyond  Massachusetts  Hall  (1),  the  building  which 
forms  part  of  the  western  boundary  of  the  quadrangle  is  — 

3.  Matthews  Hall,  the  gift  of  Nathan  ]\Iatthews  of  Boston.  This  hall, 
erected  in  1872  in  the  Gothic  style  of  architecture,  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $120,- 
000,  is  one  of  the  most  ornamental  and  conveniently  arranged  of  the  college 


22  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

dormitories.  A  solid  brick  wall  divides  it  into  two  sej)arate  parts,  each  of 
which  has  entrances  on  both  east  and  west  fronts.  There  are  sixty  suites  of 
rooms,  nearly  all  double,  including  study,  two  bedrooms,  and  closets;  these 
suites  are  naturally  ranked  among  the  most  desiralilt!. 

The  site  of  Matthews  Hall  is  that  of  a  brick  building  erected  in  1666  for  the 
acconnnodation  of  Indian  students  by  the  "  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gos- 
pel ;  "  subsequently  the  old  building  was  tiu'ned  over  to  the  college  printing 
press,  and  there  it  is  probable  that  the  second  edition  of  the  Indian  Bil:)le 
was  printed. 

To  the  southwest  of  the  quadrangle,  between  jMatthews  Hall  (3)  and  the 
street  corner,  stands  — 

4.  Dane  Hall,  commonly  known  as  the  Law  School,  a  two-story  brick  build- 
ing, which  was  erected  in  1832  and  enlarged  in  1845.  On  the  lower  floor  of 
the  addition  is  the  law  library,  containing  16,000  volumes  of  valuable  law 
books,  and  on  the  upper  floor  is  the  lecture  room.  The  upper  of  these  rooms 
is  ornamented  with  paintings  and  busts  of  men  distinguished  for  legal  abilit\', 
who  have  been  connected  with  the  law  school  and  the  state. 

The  first  Dane  Hall,  which  was  substantially  the  front  part  of  the  present 
building,  was  built  at  a  cost  of  S7,000,  advanced  to  the  college  by  Nathan 
Dane  (class  of  1778)  of  Beverly,  who  distinguished  himself  as  a  jurist  and 
statesman.  While  in  Congress  he  framed  the  celebrated  "  Ordinance  of  1787," 
by  which  slavery  was  excluded  from  all  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio 
River. 

Previously  to  1832  the  law  school  (which  was  not  established  until  1817, 
although  a  legacy  had  been  left  for  this  purpose  by  Isaac  Royall  in  1779) 
was  in  a  small  building  opposite  the  present  one,  on  the  site  of  College  House 
(39).  The  law  school  of  Harvard  was  the  first  established  in  this  country 
in  connection  with  a  collegiate  course  of  instruction.  In  1871  the  whole  build- 
ing was  moved  about  seventy  feet  southward  to  make  room  for  jNIatthews 
Hall  (3),  and  now  "the  south  foundation  wall  of  Dane  is  the  same  as  the 
north  wall  of  the  old  meeting-house,  so  that  LaAv  and  Divinity  rest  here  on  a 
common  base." 

On  the  street  line  the  first  building  to  the  left  is  the  — 

5.  Old  President's  House,  often  called  the  Wadsworth  House,  as  its  first 
occupant  was  Presi<lent  Wadsworth,  in  1  726.  It  is  an  old-fashioned  wooden 
structure,  situated  on  the  north  side  of  Harvard  Street. 


MATTHEWS    HALL  (3) 


■  !■■; 


mr 


H 


t^ 

— — ^, 

^m 

M 

1 

m 

— "f  —.^^5 

^^^ 

5  ^^5 

i^< 


DANE    HALL  (4). 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  23 

Down  to  the  year  1849  it  was  the  residence  of  the  successive  presidents  of 
the  college,  being,  next  to  Massachusetts  Hall  (1),  the  oldest  of  the  college 
buildings ;  it  is  said  to  have  received  within  its  walls  more  noted  persons 
than  any  other  house  in  Cambridge.  Many  historical  incidents  are  connected 
with  it.  Both  Washington  and  Lee  were  quartered  here  for  a  short  time 
in  1775.  At  present  the  main  building  is  occupied  by  college  officers  and 
students. 

The  brick  annex  was  formerly  across  the  path  and  connected  with  the  house 
by  a  portico.  Then  the  second  floor  was  the  president's  study,  and  the  first 
floor  was  occupied  by  the  president's  freshman,  an  office  long  since  abolished. 
This  freshman  was  paid  S40  a  year  and  furnished  with  a  room  for  his  services 
as  errand  boy  to  the  president. 

Of  the  brick  annex,  the  first  floor  contains  the  bursar's  office,  and  the 
second  floor  the  college  printing  i-ooms,  where  the  minor  printing  is  done. 

In  the  bursar's  office  is  an  antiquated  clock  that  formerly  stood  in  Massa- 
chusetts Hall,  and  regulated  the  time  of  the  regent's  freshman. 

Across  the  south  end  of  the  (quadrangle  is  — 

6.  Grays  Hall,  a  five-story  brick  building  with  Mansard  roof  and  granite 
trimmings.  It  was  erected  by  the  corporation,  and  its  name  commemorates 
the  munificence  of  three  liberal  benefactors  of  the  college,  namely,  Francis 
Calley  Gray  (class  of  1809),  who  gave  the  "Gray  collection  of  engravings," 
now  justly  celebrated;  John  Chipman  Gray  (class  of  1811),  who  for  a  series 
of  years  furnished  funds  for  valuable  prizes  in  the  mathematical  department  ; 
and  William  Gray  (class  of  1829),  who,  in  addition  to  other  gifts,  gave 
S25,000,  within  a  period  of  five  years,  for  the  purchase  of  books.  The  build- 
ing is  divided  by  two  brick  walls  into  three  sections,  and  contains  fifty-two 
suites  of  single  rooms,  all  being  provided  with  ventilating  flues  and  open  fire- 
places. On  the  front  are  thi-ee  stone  tablets,  one  of  which  represents  the  seal 
of  the  college,  another  the  date  of  the  founding  of  the  college  (163G),  and 
the  third  the  date  of  the  completion  of  the  building  (1863).  On  the  first  floor 
are  the  rooms  of  the  Harvard  Art  Club  and  St.  Paul's  Society. 

A  little  outside  of  the  quadrangle,  to  the  southeast  of  Grays,  stands  — 

7.  Boylston  Hall,  the  chemical  laboratory,  which  was  erected  in  1857  at  a 
cost  of  $50,000,  being  then  only  two  stories  high.  In  1871  a  Mansard  roof 
was  added  at  an  additional  cost  of  S20,000.  Of  the  first  sum,  $23,000  were 
derived  from  an  accumulative  fund  given  at  different  times  for  that  purpose 


24  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

by  Ward  Nicholas  Boylston  of  Boston.  The  hall  is  built  of  Rockport  granite, 
and,  by  way  of  security  against  fire,  all  the  partition  walls  are  made  of  brick. 
On  the  first  floor  there  is  a  lecture  room,  chemical  recitation  room,  and  labo- 
ratories for  quantitative  analysis  and  organic  chemistry;  on  the  second  floor  a 
cabinet  of  chemical  apparatus,  a  chemical  lecture  room,  and  the  museum  of 
mineralogy;  and  on  the  third  floor  a  laboratory  for  qualitative  analysis,  prep- 
aration rooms,  and  a  botanical  laboratory.  In  the  Mansard  roof  there  is  a 
room  for  organic  analysis  and  a  photographic  laboratory.  All  the  laboratories 
and  cabinets  are  replete  with  the  necessary  apparatus  for  the  study  of  both 
chemistry  and  mineralogy.  The  collection  of  minerals,  of  which  a  consider- 
able portion  was  purchased  at  Vienna  and  presented  to  the  college  by  Theo,- 
dore  Lyman  (class  of  1810),  occupies  a  large  portion  of  the  second  and  third 
stories.  The  cabinet  of  Von  Liebner,  of  Innsbruck,  Tyrol,  is  also  incorpor- 
ated Avith  this  collection.  A  lithological  collection  will  soon  be  displayed. 
Since  the  removal  of  the  Peabody  Museum  to  its  own  building  (24)  in  1877, 
several  alterations  in  Boylston  Hall  have  been  planned,  which  are  now  in  pro- 
cess of  execution.  When  these  changes  are  finished  the  mineral  collection 
will  be  one  of  the  handsomest  of  the  University's  museums. 

To  the  northeast  of  Boylston  Hall  (7),  in  the  college  yard,  but  outside  of 
the  quadrangle,  is  — 

8.  Gore  Hall,  the  college  library,  a  structure  of  Quincy  granite,  erected  in 
1841,  out  of  proceeds  amounting  to  S70,000  from  a  residuary  legacy  made  by 
Christopher  Gore  (class  of  1776),  one  of  the  greatest  benefactors  of  the  col- 
lege. The  building  is  in  the  Gothic  style  of  architecture  of  the  fourteenth 
century,  and  was  originally  constructed  in  the  form  of  a  Latin  cross;  the  length 
of  the  main  body  being  140  feet,  and  that  of  the  transepts  81^  feet.  It  fronts 
both  north  and  south,  with  an  octagonal  tower,  originally  83  feet  high,  at  each 
corner  of  the  main  body  of  the  building.  The  entrance  is  on  the  south  side 
of  the  eastern  extension.  The  gilt  cross  above  this  entrance  is  a  trophy  of  tlie 
siege  of  Louisbourg  in  1  74.5,  when  it  was  brought  away  by  the  Massachusetts 
troops.  At  the  time  of  the  removal  of  the  libi-ary  to  Gore  Hall  it  consisted  of 
but41,00o  volumes,  and  then  a  building  of  its  dimensions  was  thought  to  be  large 
enough  to  hold  all  the  books  that  wotdd  accumulate  during  the  present  cent- 
ury; but  subsequent  experience  has  shown  the  necessity  of  more  room,  to  pro- 
vide which  an  extension  of  the  east  transept  was  begun  in  187G  and  completed 
"in  1877,  at  a  cost  of  $90,000.  This  new  compartment,  designed  expressly  as 
.a  repository  for  books,   diflers    materially  in  construction  from  the  original 


OLD   PRESIDENT'S    HOUSE  (5). 


GRAYS    HALL  (6) 


AND   ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  25 

liiill,  and,  with  the  exL'ej)tioii  of  the  shelves,  is  entirely  of  stone,  brick  and  iron. 
'J'he  roof  consists  of  concrete  tiles,  two  feet  S(|nare  and  three  inches  thick, 
placed  upon  iron  rafters  and  covei'ed  with  slates. 

The  new  building  is  considered  fire-proof,  and  heavy  brick  walls  with  iron- 
covered  <loors  separate  the  new  and  old  halls.  The  interior  is  divided  into  six 
floors,  which,  together  with  the  staircases,  are  made  of  perforated  cast  iron. 
JCach  ffoor  is  subdivided  into  fourteen  sections,  with  adjustable  shelves,  the 
topmost  of  which  can  be  reached  fi'oni  the  floor.  On  the  south  side  of  the 
second  floor  is  the  librarian's  ofiice,  and  adjoining  are  several  rooms  used  by 
the  assistants.  Two  book  elevators  are  at  diagonally  opposite  corners.  In  a 
part  of  the  delivery  room  is  a  gallery  in  which  books  of  reference  will  be  kept; 
over  this  room  is  a  hall  in  which  large  volumes  of  plates  are  displayed;  and 
under  the  same  room  is  the  boiler,  inclosed  in  a  vault,  that  furnishes  the 
steam  heat  for  the  building.  The  old  hall  is  to  be  remodeled,  and  when  all 
the  changes  are  effected,  the  building  will  have  a  capacity  of  over  500,000 
volumes. 

As  soon  tis  the  books  are  moved  into  this  new  compartment,  the  old  sys- 
tem of  marking  and  delivering  will  be  discontinued,  and  each  volume  will  be 
marked  with  five  numbers,  describing  (1)  the  face,  (2)  the  floor,  (3)  the  sec- 
tion, (4)  the  shelf,  and  (5)  the  number  of  the  book  on  the  shelf. 

The  privilege  of  consulting  the  books  of  the  library  is  granted  to  every  one, 
whether  connected  with  the  college  or  not.  This  feature  has  made  the  library 
the  resort  of  students  from  various  parts  of  the  country,  and  the  receptacle  of 
many  valuable  collections  of  books  and  antiquities.  Though  called  the  Col- 
lege Library,  it  is  in  effect  the  library  of  the  university.  The  pi-esident,  in 
a  recent  report,  points  out  what  an  important  position  the  library  is  expected 
in  the  future  to  take  in  that  group  of  organizations  which  now  constitutes 
the  university.  While  the  library  may  supply  to  every  department  a  source 
from  which  instruction  may  be  drawn,  it  must  of  itself,  in  any  comprehensive 
system  of  training,  become  the  centre  of  strong  influences.  The  advanced 
students  in  science  and  arts,  who  now  pursue  their  studies  with  little  concert 
of  action,  will  in  all  probability  ultimately  be  brought  together  under  the 
charge  of  a  separate  faculty;  of  the  instruction  given  by  such  a  faculty  the 
library  must  be  the  principal  centre. 

As  a  means  to  this  end,  it  is  intended  to  make  the  catalogue  work  of  the 
library,  manuscript  and   printed,  actively  instructive,   so  that   it   may  allure 


26  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

students  to  investigation.  Tlie  bulletin  published  quarterly  now  contains  con- 
densed treatises  concerning  the  sources  of  information  on  the  topics  alluded 
to,  and  ci'itical  notices  of  books ;  the  special  aid  of  the  professors  in  the 
several  departments  is  enlisted  in  this  work.  The  instructors  are  expected  to 
make  it  the  vehicle  of  whatever  advice  on  books  they  would  impart,  whenever 
the  permanence  of  print  might  be  an  advantage.  It  is  intended  also  that  the 
bulletin  shall  be  the  means  of  gradually  getting  into  print  special  bibliogra- 
phies of  those  departments  of  the  library  which  are  peculiarly  strong  and  in- 
teresting, as,  for  instance,  that  of  ballad  literature,  of  which  the  collection  in 
the  library  is  su})posed  to  be  the  best  and  most  sxtensive  in  existence. 

In  1841,  when  John  Langdon  Sibley  (class  of  1825)  entered  upon  his  thirty- 
six  consecutive  years  of  service,  the  annual  income  of  the  library  was  about 
i$250  ;  now  it  amounts  to  $15,000,  and  is  likely  to  increase  largely. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  year  1878  the  library  contained  1  70,000  volumes,  and 
is  the  third  largest  collection  of  books  in  America;  the  Boston  Public  Library 
with  its  eight  branches  standing  first,  and  the  Library  of  Congress  second. 
The  present  collection  is  but  little  over  one  hundred  years  old,  a  fire  having 
destroyed  the  earlier  library  in  1 7(14.  Its  growth  was  slow,  and  unassisted  by 
funds  to  any  noteworthy  extent,  until  about  twenty  years  ago,  when  the  Hon. 
William  Gray  (class  of  1829)  began  an  annual  gift  of  $5,000,  and  continued 
it  for  five  years.  This  was  spent  as  it  accrued,  but  the  funded  resources  are 
now  eighteen  in  number,  besides  two  not  yet  available.  The  most  considerable 
is  a  l)equest  of  Charles  Minot,  now  amounting  to  $60,000;  the  next  that  of  the 
late  Hon.  Charles  Sumner,  $34,000,  and  the  next  was  left  by  the  late  Presi- 
dent Walker,  $15,000.  Several  considerable  private  libraries  have  also  been 
received,  —  like  that  of  Henry  Wai'e  Wales,  rich  in  Italian  classics  and  Ori- 
entalia;  of  Clarke  Gay  ton  Pickman;  of  Charles  Sumner,  rich  in  books  of 
curious  history  and  associations,  and  of  Presiilent  Walker.  The  hall  is  open 
on  every  week  day,  except  legal  holidays,  from  nine  A.  M.  to  five  p.  m.,  but 
closes  at  two  p.  M.  during  a  recess  or  vacation. 

Opposite,  and  parallel  to  the  west  side  of  (Jore  Hall  (8),  is  — 

9.  Weld  Hall,  one  of  the  most  attractive  dormitories,  which  was  built, 
in  1872,  by  AA'illiam  F.Weld,  in  memory  of  his  brother.  Stephen  Minot  Wehl 
(class  of  1824).  The  building  is  of  brick,  with  belts  of  lidit  sandstone,  in  the 
Elizabethan  style  of  architecture,  five  stories  high,  and  contains  fifty-four 
suites  of  elegant  rooms.      The  frunt  is  on   the  west   side,    facing  Matthews 


bOr  LilON     HALL  (7). 


GORE    HALL  (8). 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  27 

Hall  (3),  and  the  main  entrance  is  under  two  wide  archways  that  open  on  a 
laro-e  porch  paved  with  marble  tiles. 

Passing  around  the  northern  end  of  Weld  (9),  into  the  quadrangle  path,  we 
have  on  the  right  — 

10.  University  Hall,  the  first  stone  building  that  was  erected  in  the  col- 
leo-e  yard.  It  occupies  the  central  position  of  the  east  side  of  the  quadrangle, 
and  was  built  in  1815  by  the  corporation,  at  a  cost  of  S65,000,  ot  which  sum 
about  $53,000  were  derived  from  a  grant  by  the  State. 

This  is,  and  has  been,  since  its  completion,  the  centre  of  the  college.  At^ 
first  it  contained  the  chapel,  commons,  and  recitation  rooms.  In  the  cen- 
tral portion  of  the  building,  in  the  present  second  and  third  stories,  was  the 
chapel,  where  the  exhibitions  were  held.  Until  1841  Commencement  dinners 
were  served  here.  Distinguished  visitors  were  formally  entertained  in  this 
building,  and  on  the  steps  of  the  southern  entrance  many  noted  visitors  have 
been  received;  among  whom  were  Presidents  Monroe  (1817)  and  Jackson 
(1833),  Major-general  Worth,  with  the  West  Point  Cadets  (1821),  and 
Lafayette  (1824).  Annually  the  state  governor,  escorted  by  a  troop  of  horse, 
preceded  by  trumpeters,  and  accompanied  by  his  staff,  was  welcomed  here. 

Both  interior  and  exterior  have  been  greatly  modified  since  its  erection.  A 
long  portico  that  adorned  the  front  was  removed ;  the  chapel  was  altered 
(1833),  disused  for  public  worship  (1858),  and  finally  divided  into  two  floors 
(1867),  which  were  subdivided  into  recitation  and  lecture  rooms ;  the  commons 
discontinued  (1842),  and  the  lower  floor  changed  (1849)  into  recitation  rooms. 
President  Sparks  first  made  use  of  the  building  for  the  oflice  of  the  pres- 
ident, occupying  a  part  of  the  south  end  of  the  second  floor,  and,  since  that 
time,  the  office  of  the  successive  presidents  has  remained  here.  The  oflice 
of  the  present  executive  is  the  southeast  room,  that  of  the  dean  the  southwest 
room,  while  adjoining  and  communicating  with  them  are  the  offices  of  the  sec- 
retary and  registrar.  In  these  rooms  the  faculty  of  the  college  proper  assem- 
ble weekly  to  attend  to  all  business  relating  to  discipline  and  instruction  in 
the  college.  The  academic  council,  and  the  parietal  committee  also  meet  here. 
In  the  upper  story  is  an  examination  room,  while  the  other  parts  of  the  build- 
ing are  used  for  recitations.  In  the  hall-ways  and  in  front  of  University  Hall 
are  placed  the  bulletin  boards,  which,  in  accordance  with  the  regulations,  must 
be  closely  scanned  by  the  students.  Part  of  the  basement  is  used  as  recitation 
rooms. 


28 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


Among  the  relics  in  the  president's  office  is  the  antique  chair  shown  on 

this  page,  whicli  from  "  time  be- 
yond the  memory  of  man  "  lias 
been  used  by  the  president  on 
Commencement  D;iy  when  con- 
ferring degrees;  two  oil  paint- 
ings of  the  college  yard  and 
buildings  in  1821;  an  old-fash- 
ioned clock,  given  by  Samuel 
Willard,  who  had  charge  of  the 
college  clocks  for  fifty  years  ; 
a  sideboard,  cut  with  the  ini- 
tials "J.  E.,  1681,"  that  once 
belonged  to  the  Apostle  John 
Eliot ;  and  an  antiquated  desk, 
the  history  of  which  extends 
so  far  back  that  it  has  been 
lost  to  the  present  generation. 
It  was  in  late  years  used  by 
Governor  Washburn. 

On  the  north  of  University 
Hall  (10),  and  nearly  on  a  line 
with  it,  is  — 

1  The  round  knobs  on  the  chair  were  turned  by  President  Holyoke  and  attached  to  it  by  his  own 
hands.    The  picture  of  Holyoke  in  Memorial  Hall  represents  him  sitting  in  this  old  chair. 

College  Words  and   Customs   tells  the  following:    "Before  the  erection  of   Gore  Hall  (8),   the 
books  of  the  college  were  kept  in  Harvard  Hall.     In  the  same  building,  also,  was  the  philosophy 
chamber,  where  the  chair  usually  stood  for  the  inspection  of  the  curious.     Over  this  domain,  from 
the  year  1793  to  1800,  presided  Samuel  Shapleigh,  the  librarian.     He  was  a  dapper  little  bachelor, 
very  active  and  remarkably  attentive  to  the  ladies  who  visited  the  library,  especially  the  younger 
portion  of  them.     When  ushered  into  the  room  where  stood  the  old  chair,  he  would  watch  them 
with  eager  eyes  ;  and  as  soon  as  one,  prompted  by  a  desire  of  being  able  to  say,  '  I  have  sat  in  the 
president's  chair,'  took  this  seat,  rubbing  his  hands  together,  he  would  exclaim,  in  great  glee,  '  A 
forfeit  I  a  forfeit !  '  and  demand  from  the  fair  occupant  a  ki.ss,  a  fee  which,  whether  refused  or  not, 
he  seldom  failed  to  obtain.'" 
Speaking  of  Commencement  Day  exercises,  William  Biglow,  in  1811,  say.'  :  — 
"  Now  young  gallants  allure  their  favorite  fair 
To  take  a  seat  in  presidential  chair  ; 
Then  seize  the  long-accustomed  fee,  the  bliss 
Of  the  half-ravislied,  half  free-granted  ki.ss." 


Old  President's  Chair.-* 


WELD    HALL  (9). 


UNIVERSITY   HALL   UO) 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  29 

11.  Thayer  Hall,  erected,  in  1870,  l)y  Nathaniel  Thayer  of  Boston,  at  a 
cost  of  $100,000,  in  memory  of  his  father.  Rev.  Nathaniel  Thayer,  D.  D. 
(class  of  1789),  and  of  his  brother,  John  Eliot  Thayer.  This  hall,  built  of 
brick,  four  and  five  stories  high,  is  the  longest  of  any  in  the  yard,  and  is 
divided  into  three  distinct  parts  by  two  solid  walls.  The  central  division, 
which  rises  one  story  above  the  other  two,  is  entered  from  the  side  facing 
the  quadrangle,  and  the  other  portions  are  entered  at  the  ends  of  the  build- 
ing. There  are  sixty-eight  suites  of  rooms,  with  accommodations  for  116 
students. 

Directly  behind  Thayer  Hall  (11),  in  the  college  yard,  is  — 

12.  Appleton  Chapel,  named  in  honor  of  Samuel  Appleton,  from  whose 
estate  the  college  received  $00,000  for  the  erection  of  a  chapel.  It  is  built 
of  a  light  sandstone  brought  from  Nova  Scotia,  and  was  dedicated  October  17, 
1858.  During  President  Eliot's  administration  the  building  has  been  con- 
siderably improved  and  a  gallery  put  in,  the  expenses  of  which  were  de- 
frayed by  the  heirs  of  Nathan  Appleton  of  Boston.  The  windows  are  of 
richly  stained  glass,  and  bear  the  motto  "  Christo  et  Ecclesiaj  "  above,  and 
"  Veritas  "  below.  The  whole  interior  is  beautiful  and  pleasing.  By  means 
of  a  signal  wii'e  the  olliciating  minister  is  informed  from  the  chapel  door 
when  the  services  should  begin.  At  fifteen  minutes  before  eight  o'clock  each 
■week  day  morning  all  the  students  of  the  college  proper  assemble  here  for 
devotional  exercises.  On  Sunday  the  usual  church  service,  conducted  by 
Rev.  A.  P.  Peabody,  D.  D.  (class  of  1826),  is  held  by  a  chinx-h  and  congre- 
gation that  was  formed  in  1814.  Here,  also,  wedding  and  funeral  ceremonies 
are  solemnized.  Among  the  obsequies  performed  here  have  been  those  of  Gen- 
eral C.  R.  Lowell  (class  of  18.54),  President  C.  C.  Felton  (class  of  1827), 
Professor  Louis  Agassiz,  Professor  Jeffries  Wyman  (class  of  1833),  and  Gov- 
ernor Emory  Washburn. 

The  building  wliirh  forms  the  north  end  of  the  quadrangle  is  — 
13.  Holworthy  Hall,  and  bears  the  name  of  Sir  Matthew  Hohvorthy,  a 
merchant  of  Hackney,  in  Middlesex,  England,  who  left  to  the  college,  at  his 
death  in  1678,  the  sum  of  £1,000,  the  largest  bequest  that  had  been  made  to 
the  college.  In  1812  Holworthy  Hall  was  built  from  the  money  received  from 
this  bequest  and  a  lottery.  It  is  a  plain  four-story  brick  structure,  and  would 
retain  its  original  appearance  ha<l  not  the  upper  story  been  raised  a  little. 
There  are  three  distinct  parts,  separated  by  brick  walls,  and  containing  twenty- 


30  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

four  suites  of  double  rooms,  each  suite  extending  from  the  front  to  the  rear 
of  the  building.  It  was  the  latest  built  of  the  four  oklest  dormitories  in  the 
yard,  and  for  fifty  years  was  chiefly  reserved  for  members  of  the  senior  class. 
The  rooms  will  always  be  very  desirable,  for  in  addition  to  the  good  reputa- 
tion the  building  has  always  maintained,  they  have  a  southern  exposure  and  a 
charming  j)rospect  over  the  quadrangle.  The  Prince  of  Wales  and  Duke 
Alexis  were  shown  rooms  of  this  building  as  specimens  of  students'  quartei-s. 
On  the  steps  of  the  centre  hallway  the  Navy  Club  used  to  form  its  jirocessions 
and  hold  its  levees.  The  slate  first  used  on  the  roof  of  this  hall  was  about  an 
inch  thick,  and  was,  ])robably,  the  first  quarried  in  this  country  ;  the  War  of 
1812  preventing  the  importation  of  the  slate  that  was  needed. 

The  next  building,  which  forms  at  a  right  angle  with  Holworthy  Hall  (13) 
the  northwestern  corner  of  the  cpiadrangle,  is  — 

14.  Stoughton  Hall.  The  first  hall  of  this  name,  erected  by  William 
Stoughton  (class  of  IGoO),  in  1700,  at  a  cost  of  £1,000  Massachusetts  cur- 
rency, was  a  small  brick  building  containing  sixteen  rooms,  and  stood  at  a 
right  angle  with  Harvard  Hall  (2)  at  its  southeastern  extremity.  In  1775  the 
Provincial  Congress  took  possession  of  the  building,  and  then  240  revolution- 
ary soldiers  were  quartered  there,  while  the  "  New  England  Chronicle  and 
Essex  Gazette  "  was  printed  in  one  of  the  rooms.  The  present  Stoughton 
Hall  is  a  four-story  brick  building,  in  the  plain  but  substnntial  style  char- 
acteristic of  our  New  England  fathers,  and  was  completed  in  1805  at  a  cost 
of  nearly  $24,000,  of  which  sum  $18,600  was  derived  from  a  lottery,  and  the 
remainder  from  the  general  college  fund.  The  interior  has  been  somewhat 
altered,  and  now  contains  thirty-two  rooms.  On  the  closet  door  panels  of 
room  25  there  are  four  oil  paintings,  comprising  an  owl,  a  frog,  a  gull,  and  a 
turtle,  the  work  of  W.  S.  Haseltine  (class  of  1854),  while  a  student.  About 
1815  there  was,  in  room  3,  the  reading  room  of  the  college,  and  in  this  build- 
ing the  annual  auctions  of  second-hand  books  were  held  by  the  students,  the 
proceeds  going  to  the  pooi*  scholars. 

For  about  twenty-five  years  the  Hasty  Pudding  Club  had  rooms  in  the 
upper  story  of  the  north  division  of  this  building. 

Among  the  occupants  of  Stoughton  who  have  since  distinguished  themselves 
might  be  mentioned,  Alexander  H.  Everett,  Minister  to  Spain  (room  25); 
Judge  Preble  of  Maine,  Minister  to  the  Hague  (room  15)  ;  Edward  Everett 
(room  23);  Josiah  Quin(;y  (tooni  3);  the  twin  brothers  Peabody  (room  14): 


THAYER  HALL  (II). 


APPLETON  CHAPEL  (12). 


AND   ITS  SURROUNDINGS, 


31 


Caleb  Cushing  (room  26) ;  Horatio  Greenougli  (room  2) ;  C.  C.  Felton  (room 
31);  G.  S.  Hillard  (room  10);  Cliarles  Sumner  (room  12);  G.  T.  Bigelow 
(room  27)  ;  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes  (room  31)  ;  C.  T.  Brooks  (room  12);  E. 
R.  Hoar  (room  25);  Edward  E.  Hale  (room  22). 

Southwest  of  the  southern  extremity  of  Stoughton  Hall  (14)  is  — 

15.  Holden  Chapel,  one  of  the  oldest  of   the  college  buildings.     In  1741 
the  wife  and  daughters  of  Samuel  Holden  — a  member  of  parliament,  governor 
of  the  Bank  of  England,  and  regarded  as  the  head  of  the  English  Dissenters  — 
bestowed  upon  the  col- 
lege  £400  to  supply    a 
needed  chapel.  This  was 
completed  in  1744,  and 
named  after  the  donors. 

With  the  exception  of 
the  removal  of  a  porch 
that  faced  the  Common, 
and  the  cutting  of  a 
door  in  what  was  then 
the  rear,  the  chapel  pre- 
serves its  original  out- 
ward appearance. 

After  twenty- five  years' 
occupancy      for     chapel 
))urposes   it    was    trnns- 
f^-red  to  the  medical  department,  to  be  used  conjointly  by  it,  the  professor  of 
chemistry,  and  the  college  carpenter. 

About  1825  the  present  second  story  was  inserted,  and  each  of  the  two 
floors  divided  into  two  apartments.  On  the  lower  floor  were  the  chemncal 
laboratory  and  lecture  room,  and  in  the  upper  floor  an  anatomical  museum 
and  lecture  room  that  was  occasionally  used  by  Dr.  Warren  in  his  lectures  on 
anatomy.  Since  1858  the  partitions  of  each  floor  have  been  removed;  and 
the  upper  floor  was  fitted  up  in  1870  for  the  Everett  Athenfeimi.  Afterwards, 
the  society  gave  up  its  room,  and  now  the  upper  floor  is  used  by  the  profes- 
sors of  fine  arts  and  elocution,  and  the  lower  by  the  professor  of  French,  and 
at  times  for  examinations. 

The  building  south  of  Stougliton  (14),  and  on  a  line  with  it,  is  — 


Holden   Chapel  (15). 


32  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

16.  HoUis  Hall.  This  four-story  brick  dormitory,  containing  thirty-two 
rooms,  is  the  model  on  which  Stoughton  Hall  was  built,  and  commemorates  the 
name  of  an  English  family  that  for  a  period  of  more  than  eighty  years  bestowed 
generous  benefactions  upon  the  college.  The  first  of  the  family  that  became 
a  benefactor  of  the  college  was  Thomas  Hollis,  a  merchant  of  London.  The 
Ijuilding  was  erected  in  1763,  with  funds,  amounting  to  £3,000,  appropri- 
ated by  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts.  In  1 768  it  was  struck  by  light- 
ning, and  in  177.5,  when  the  Provincial  Congress  took  possession  of  the  college 
buildings,  the  students  were  compelled  to  vacate  their  rooms  in  Hollis.  At  an 
early  period  room  8  was  occupied  by  a  genial  fellow  who  is  said  to  have  kept 
his  table  constantly  spread  with  eatables  and  drinkables,  to  which  his  friends 
were  heartily  welcome  at  all  times.  This  old  building  has  been  the  home  of  nu- 
merous college  societies,  and  among  them  were  the  Harvard  Washington  Corps; 
the  "Med.  Fac."  (room  13),  one  of  the  most  ingeniously  organized  plots  for 
fun  that  has  been  conceived  of;  and  the  "  Enginae  Societas."  The  cause  of 
the  dissolution  of  the  latter  was  the  drenching  of  room  7,  occupied  by  a  pro- 
fessor, just  after  the  engine  had  returned  from  service  at  a  fire.  In  1792 
the  stately  elm  known  as  "rebellion  tree"  was  planted  in  the  quadrangle 
in  front  of  the  south  entrance  of  Hollis.  This  tree  derives  its  name  from  the 
fact  that  in  the  earlier  days  turbulent  and  unruly  collegians  were  wont  to 
assemble  around  it  to  give  vent  to  their  indignation  at  some  seemingl}-  un- 
just regulation. 

Hollis,  as  well  as  its  neighbors,  has  had  catalogued  in  its  rooms  many  dis- 
tinguished men,  and  some  of  these  were:  Edward  Everett  (rooms  20  and  24); 
W.  H.  Prescott  (rooms  6  and  11);  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  (rooms  5,  15,  and 
20);  Charles  Francis  Adams  (room  15);  Charles  Sumner  (room  17);  Wen- 
dell Phillips  (rooms  18,  16,  and  11);  H.  D.  Thoreau  (rooms  20,  32,  31,  and 
23);.B.  R.  Curtis  (room  22). 

Passing  out  of  the  gate  at  which  the  college  yard  was  entered,  and  turning 
to  the  north,  we  have  the  Common,  with  the  flag-staff,  on  the  left,  and  on  the 
right  — 

17.  Class  Day  Tree,  that  stretches  out  its  mighty  liinl)s  in  the  area  inclosed 
by  Holden  Chapel,  Harvard  and  Hollis  halls.  Ever  since  1 760  there  are 
records  of  class  day  e.xercises,  with  occasional  omissions.  From  its  inception 
Class  Day  lins  been  a  day  of  festivity,  and  I'ecollections  of  it,  no  doubt,  cling 
to   the   participators   throughout  their   lifetime.     The  usual  exercises  of  the 


HOLWORTHY    HALL   (13). 


HARVARD     ART    CLUB  — ROOM     IN    GRAY'S     HALL. 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  33 

present  time,  considerably  varied  from  those  of  former  years,  are  familiar  to 
all.  We  intend  merely  to  call  attention  to  the  tree,  sometimes  called  Lilierty 
Tree,  being  the  name  transferred  from  a  tree  tliat  once  stood  south  of  Har- 
vard Hall,  around  which  the  students  clustered  in  1760  to  oppose  the  tutors, 
who  had  put  restrictions  upon  absences  from  prayers  and  recitations.  From 
1815  the  closing  exercises  of  Class  Day  have  been  held  around  this  tree. 
Lowell  writes  as  follows  :  "  Long  before  five  o'clock  &y&x)'  inch  of  vantage 
ground  whence  even  a  glimpse  at  this  frenzy  of  muscular  sentiment  may  be 
lioped  for  has  been  taken  up.  The  trees  are  garlanded  with  wriggling  boys, 
who  here  apply  the  skill  won  by  long  practice  in  neighboring  orchards  and 
gardens,  while  every  post  becomes  the  pedestal  of  an  unsteady  group.  In  the 
street,  a  huddled  drove  of  carriages  bristle  with  more  luxurious  gazers.  The 
senior  class  are  distinguished  by  the  various  shapes  of  eccentric  ruin  dis- 
played in  their  hats,  as  if  the  wildest  nightmares  of  the  maddest  of  hatters 
had  suddenly  taken  form  and  substance.  First,  the  seniors  whirl  hand  in 
hand  about  the  tree  with  the  energy  of  excitement  gathered  through  the 
day  ;  class  after  class  is  taken  in,  till  all  college  is  swaying  in  the  unwieldy 
ring,  which  at  last  breaks  to  pieces  of  its  own  weight.  Then  comes  the 
frantic  leaping  and  struggling  for  a  bit  of  the  wreath  of  flowers  that  cir- 
cles the  tree  at  a  fairly  difficult  height.  Here  trained  muscle  tells  ;  but  some- 
times mere  agility  and  lightness,  which  know  how  to  climb  on  others'  shoul- 
ders, win  the  richest  trophy.  This  contest  is  perhaps  the  most  striking  single 
analogy  between  the  life  of  college  and  that  of  the  larger  world  which  is  to 
follow  it.  Each  secures  his  memorial  leaf  or  blossom,  many  to  forget  ere 
long  its  special  significance  ;  some,  of  less  changeful  temper  or  less  prosperous 
lives,  to  treasure  it  as  a  link  that  binds  them  inseparably  with  youih  and 
happy  days." 

At  the  head  of  the  street  stands  the  — 

18.  Holmes  House,  an  old  gambrel-roofed  house,  situated  between  Kirk- 
land  Street  and  North  Avenue.  It  is  claimed  that  more  than  150  years  have 
rolled  by  since  the  building  was  placed  upon  its  foundation,  and  that  within 
its  walls  many  schemes  for  revolutionary  battles  were  formed.  The  first  known 
proprietor  of  the  house  was  Jabez  Fox,  a  tailor  of  Boston,  from  whom  it 
passed  to  Jonathan  Hastings,  a  farmer.  This  Hastings  is  said  to  have  orig- 
inated the  word  "Yankee,"  which  he  constantly  used  to  express  excellence. 
A  second  Jonathan  Hastings  (class  of  1730),  for  a  long  time  college  steward, 
3 


34 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


occupied  the  house  Avhen  it  gained  its  paramount  imisortance.  In  1775  the 
committee  of  safety  were  quartered  here,  where  they  planned  the  organiza- 
tion of  an  army  that  had  been  created  by  the  Provincial  Congress.  In  this 
house,  it  is  asserted,  Benedict  Arnold,  as  captain,  reported  with  a  company 
from  Connecticut,  and  proposed  to  make  the  attempt  on  Ticonderoga.  Here, 
also,  Arnold  was  commissioned  colonel  by  the  connnittee  of  safety,  and  or- 
dered to  seize  the  strongholds  on  the  lakes,  (general  Artemas  Ward  is  enu- 
merated among  the  many  noted   occupants.      The  honor  of  having  furnished 

Washington  with  temporary 
head-quarters  is  also  claimed 
for  it,  and  Drake  says,  "  it 
was,  no  doubt,  in  this  house 
that  Washington  penned  his 
first  official  dispatches."  Aft- 
er the  war  came  Eliphalet 
Pearson,  professor  of  Hebrew 
and  Oriental  languages. 
Judge  Oliver  Wendell  bought 
the  estate,  and  from  hi  in  it 
passed  to  his  son-in-law,  the 
Rev.  Abiel  Holmes,  author  of 
"American  Annals"  and 
father  of  Oliver  Wendell 
Holmes.  From  this  family 
comes  the  name  by  which  the  place  is  now  known.  In  this  house  the  lines 
to  "  Old  Ironsides"  were  written.  Thcproperty  now  belongs  to  the  college, 
and  the  house  is  the  residence  of  William  Everett,  a  son  of  Edward  Everett, 
and  until  recently  a  professor  in  the  college. 

W\'st  of  Holmes  House  (18),  between  Kirkland  Street  and  North  AvenuC; 
stands  — 

19.  Thayer  Commons  Hall.  In  1864  Nathaniel  Thayer  gave  $1,000  to 
aid  in  providing  a  place  where  students  could  obtain  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
wholesome  and  nutritious  food  at  cost.  In  the  following  year  a  part  of  an 
old  railroad  station-house,  that  had  been  bought  by  the  college,  was  converted 
into  a  kitchen  and  dining  room,  in  charge  of  the  sionminn  bonum,  i.  e.,  "  Queen 
(ioody,"  as  the  chief  of  the  bedmakers  is  called  by  students.     The  front  room 


Holmes   House  (18). 


STOUGHTON  HALL 


MOLLIS  HALL  (16). 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


35 


of  the  building  acfommodated  fifty  persons,  and  was  suitably  furnished  by 
means  of  the  money  given  by  Mr.  Thayer.  In  1866  the  rear  room  was 
added,  which  afforded  accommodations  for  the  same  number  as  the  front 
room.  Then  Mr.  Thayer,  on  being  informed  of  the  crowded  state  of  the 
commons,  determined  that  a  larger  dining  room  should  be  built,  and  there- 
upon raised  $7,000  by  subscriptions,  of  which  sum  he  personally  subscribed 
So, 000.  This  addition  was  completed  in  1867,  and  at  that  time  the  kitchen 
was  enlarged,  the  cellar  arrangements  increased,  and  new  apparatus  and  ap- 
purtenances purchased.  A  committee  of  the  college  faculty  supervised  the 
commons,  but  the  immediate  control  was  left  to  a  club  formed  by  the  stu- 


Thayer  Commons  Hall  (19). 


dents,  who  cliose  a  steward  and  executive  officers.  In  1874  the  Thayer  Chib, 
as  it  was  called,  did  not  have  sufficient  room  to  accommodate  all  applicants, 
and  consequently  a  new  plan  was  suggested  by  which  the  corporation  was  to 
select  the  steward  for  the  commons,  and  provide  room  for  it  in  tlie  spacious 
dining  hall  of  Memorial  Ilall.  This  plan  met  with  general  approbation,  and 
shortly  afterwards  went  into  effect.  It  was  thus  that,  from  the  club  of  fifty 
students  having  commons  in  tlie  "  railroad  station,"  the  IMemorial  Hall  Dining 
Association  has  resulted,  which  embraces  a  membership  of  about  GOO  persons. 
At  present  the  house  is  used  as  a  dwelling. 
East  of  the  Holmes  estate,  on  the  north  side  of  Kirkland  Street,  is  the  — 


36 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


20.  Lawrence  Scientific  School,  a  thi-ee-story  and  basement  brick  build- 
ing, with  a  two-story  and  basement  brick  L,  erected  in  1848,  at  a  cost  of 
$25,000,  which  was  one  half  the  first  donation  of  Abbott  Lawrence  of  Bos- 
ton. It  is  but  the  east  wing  of  the  projected  buihling.  On  the  first  floor  is  a 
thoroughly'equipped  general  physical  laboratory,  and  in  the  L,  a  special  one  for 
light  and  heat,  and  also  a  chemical  laboratory.  The  library,  model  room,  and 
recitation  rooms  of  the  engineering  department  occupy  the  second  floor.  The 
third  floor  is  devoted  to  the  departments  of  surveying,  mechanical  and  free- 
hand drawing.  The  growth  of  the  scientific  department  of  the  university 
has  been  so  rapid,  and  developed  from  so  small  a  beginning,  that,  although  it 
embraces  but  a  period  of  thirty  years,  it  would  be  impracticable  in  a  work  of 
this  class  to  trace  the  various  lines  of  its  progress.  When  first  organized  it 
was  the  only  school  of  the  kind  in  this  country  that  was  connected  with  a  col- 
legiate course  of  instruction.  On  the  farther  side  of  Holmes  Field  (28),  and 
fronting  on  Jarvis  Street,  is  the  former  — 

21.  Zoological    Hall,     now    Society    Hall.       This    insignificant-looking 

structure,  originally  located 
just  west  of  the  Lawrence 
Scientific  School  (20),  shows 
how  rapidly  the  scientific 
department  has  developed, 
for,  when  erected  in  184!), 
it  sufficed  to  hold  on  the 
second  floor  Agassiz's  val- 
uable collections,  and  to  ac- 
commodate on  the  first  floor 
the  engineering  Ijranch,  with 
all  its  recitation,  lecture, 
and  drawing  rooms,  besides 
containing  all  the  apparatus 
(consisting  solely  of  a  set  of 
surveyor's  instruments).  Afterwards  the  engineering  department  was  re- 
moved, and  for  ten  years  this  building  was  tin;  nucleus  for  the  material  that 
comprises  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology.  Later  it  was  moved  to 
Divinity  Avenue  and  changed  into  a  dormitory  for  students  connected  with 
(lie  museum.     In  187G  Ihe  building  was  removed  to  its   present  location  and 


Society  Hall  (21). 


AA'D  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  37 

the  interior  adapted  to  the  uses  of  societies.  It  is  now  occupied  by  the  Hasty 
Pudding  Society,  the  Institute  of  17  70,  the  Glee  Club,  and  the  Pierian  So- 
dality. 

Continuing  eastward  on  Kirkland  Street,  we  come  to  the  north  side  of  — 

22.  Memorial  Hall,  which  includes  the  Dining  Hall,  the  Memorial 
Transept,  and  the  Sanders  Theatre. 

For  this  most  magniticent  and  imposing  edifice  the  university  is  indebted 
to  the  munificence  of  her  sons.  At  the  close  of  the  late  civil  war  there  was 
a  feeling  among  the  graduates  that  a  memorial  should  be  erected  to  those 
students  and  graduates  of  the  college  who  had  served  in  the  army  or  navy  in 
defense  of  the  Union  and  Constitution  ;  and  when,  on  Commencement  Day 
in  1865,  the  project  was  laid  before  the  association  of  the  alumni,  it  was  sub- 
mitted to  a  committee  of  fifty,  with  full  power  to  act  on  the  subject. 

This  committee,  after  the  designs  of  several  distinguished  architects  had 
been  considered,  voted  that  a  "  Memorial  Hall  "  be  erected,  and  Messrs. 
Ware  and  Van  Brunt  be  employed  as  architects.  The  plan  proposed  by  them 
was  approved  as  "  a  suitable  monument  in  commemoration  of  the  sons  of 
Harvard  who  periled  and  laid  down  their  lives  to  preserve  us  as  a  nation,  a 
hall  for  the  meetings  of  the  alumni  and  their  festal  entertainments,  and  a 
theatre  or  auditorium  for  the  celebration  of  the  literary  festivals  of  the  college." 

In  short,  the  necessary  sub-committees  were  formed,  and  an  active  canvass 
for  subscriptions  was  begun.  On  the  6tli  of  October,  1870  the  corner-stone 
was  laid  with  befitting  ceremonies,  and  at  Commencement  in  1874  the  Dining 
Hall  and  Memorial  Transept  were  ready  for  occupancy,  but  the  Theatre  was 
not  completed  until  the  year  1876.  The  cost  of  the  whole  building  was  about 
$500,000.  The  extreme  dimensions  of  the  building  are  310  feet  in  length,  and 
115  feet  in  width,  with  the  longer  axis  running  east  and  west.  The  exterior  is 
built  of  brick  with  ornamental  trimmings  of  Nova  Scotia  buff  sandstone,  and 
one  of  its  main  features  is  the  memorial  tower,  200  feet  high  and  about  35  feet 
square,  which  rises  over  the  centre  of  the  transept.  The  building  is  composed 
of  three  grand  divisions,  the  central  division  or  transept  being  the  Memorial 
Hall  proper,  which  forms  a  monumental  vestibule  to  the  other  two  divisions,  — 
that  extending  westward,  the  nave  or  dining  hall;  and  that  on  the  east  being 
the  Sanders  Theatre,  so  called  as  a  tribute  to  the  memory  of  Charles  Sanders, 
a  generous  friend  of  the  college,  whose  bequest  was  turned  into  this  channel. 
The  transept  fronts  contain  the  main  entrances  to  the  building,  each  being  a 


427426 


38 


HARVARD   UNIVERSITY 


wide  arched  doorway  in  a  carved  stone  screen  containing  niches,  and  crowned 
with  an  open  parapet;  over  the  parapet  on  each  front  is  a  large  stone  tracery 
window  filled  with  stained  glass,  while  the  gables  above  bear  dedicatory  in- 
scriptions. As  one  enters 
by  either  doorway,  he  finds 
himself  in  Memorial  Hall 
proper,  which  is  112  feet 
long  and  30  feet  wide.  The 
floor  on  which  he  treads  is 
a  marble  pavement,  while 
above  him,  at  a  height  of 
58  feet,  is  a  vaulting  of 
brown  ash.  The  walls  are 
finished  to  the  height  of  18 
feet  with  a  carved  black  wal- 
nut screen  in  the  form  of  an 
arcade  ;  the  arches,  28  in 
number,  contain  each  a  mar- 
ble tablet  surmounted  by  a 
mosaic  or  inlay  of  marble; 
on  these  tablets  are  inscribed 
the  names,  classified  by  col- 
lege departments,  of  the 
gi-aduates  or  students  of  the 
university  who  fell  in  the 
late  civil  war,  with  the 
date  and  place  of  death  of 
those  who  died  in  battle.  On 
the  right,  at  either  end,  is  a 
staircase  leading  to  the  thea- 
tre, a  building  100  feet  in 
Memorial  Hall  Transept.  diameter.     It  resembles  the 

classic  theatre  in  plan,  the  polygonal  side  containing  grades  of  seats  and  galle- 
ries facing  a  broad  recessed  stage.  The  roof  is  of  open  timber,  76  feet  high 
from  the  arena  to  the  apex,  without  columns.  The  seats  accommodate  about 
1,500  persons.     Upon  the  exterior  of  the  theatre,  just  above  the  windows,  are 


AND   ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  39 

strong  sculptured  huads  of  representative  orators,  — ^^  Demosthenes,  Cicero,  St. 
Chrysostoni,  Bossuet,  Chatham,  Burke,  and  Webster.  We  leave  the  theatre. 
The  dining  hall,  which  bears  a  general  resemblance  to  the  halls  of  the  Eng- 
lish colleges,  though  surpassing  them  in  size,  is  entered  by  a  door  in  the 
centre  of  the  west  side  of  the  vestibule.  Its  interior  dimensions  are  60  feet 
in  width,  164  feet  in  length,  and  80  feet  in  height  to  the  apex  of  the  roof;  and 
at  each  end  is  a  carved  screen  and  gallery.  The  walls  are  faced  with  red 
and  black  brick-work,  with  belts  of  tiles.  A  space  of  22  feet  between  the 
floor  and  side  windows  is  occupied  by  a  wooden  wainscoting,  against  which 
are  placed  the  busts  and  portraits  belonging  to  the  university  (descriptive 
cards  can  be  had  in  the  hall).  At  the  west  end  is  a  great  window,  25  by  30 
feet,  filled  with  stained  glass,  in  which  are  emblazoned  the  arms  of  the  col- 
lege, of  the  State,  and  of  the  United  States.  Over  a  thousand  persons  can 
be  accommodated  at  the  tables.  An  elegant  case  containing  the  trophies  of 
the  University  Base  Ball  Club  is  in  the  auditor's  oflice  on  the  main  floor. 

The  large  basement  is  used  for  the  steward's  and  other  oflices,  kitchen, 
boiler  room,  and  other  purposes.  The  gallery  at  the  east  end  of  the  dining 
hall  is  free  to  visitors,  even  at  meal  times.  The  hall  is  open  every  week  day, 
but  in  vacation  only  betweeti  the  hours  of  9  and  12  A.  M.  and  2  and  4  p.  m. 

A  short  distance  east  of  Memorial  Hall,  on  the  north  side  of  Kirkland 
Street,  is  the  delightful  Divinity  Avenue,  and  passing  along  the  lovely  shaded 
Avalk,  we  soon  reach,  on  the  east  side  — 

23.  Divinity  Hall,  a  plain  two-story  brick  building,  with  a  three-story  bi-ick 
wing  on  each  side,  built,  in  1826,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Society  for  the 
Promotion  of  Theological  Education  in  Harvard  University.  This  society 
had  raised  a  sum  of  nearly  $20,000,  by  contributions  from  friends  of  the  school, 
for  the  purchase  of  land  and  the  erection  of  a  building.  Besides  thirty-seven 
chambers  for  the  accommodation  of  students  (each  chamber  being  furnished 
with  a  small  bedroom),  the  hall  contains  a  chapel,  a  large  lecture  room,  a 
reading  room,  and  a  library  of  about  17,000  volumes.  In  1869  the  Divinity 
Boarding  Club  was  established  by  contributions,  amounting  to  S2,000,  towards 
this  object,  and  towards  defraying  the  cost  of  board  for  indigent  students. 

Candidates  for  the  ministry  have  sought  instruction  at  the  college  ever  since 
its  foundation,  but  it  was  not  until  the  year  1817  that  a  distinct  department 
was  established.  In  this  noble  movement  President  Kirkland  is  said  to  have 
been  the  guiding  power,     A  noticeable  characteristic  of  the  divinity  school  is 


40  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

that  it  requires  neither  professors  nor  students  to  subsci-ibe  to  any  creed,  and 
has  always  aimed  to  promote  Biblical  learninii-  and  unsectarian  Christian 
doctrine.  ^■ 

The  new  building  almost  opposite  is  the  — 

24.  Peabody  Museum  of  American  Archaeology  and  Ethnology, 
founded,  in  1866,  by  George  Peabody  of  London,  ]-]ngland,  whose  total  gift 
was  $150,000,  of  which  S60,000  were  to  be  invested  as  a  building  fund,  not 
to  be  used  until  it  amounted  to  $100,000.  The  remaining  $90,000  were  ap- 
propriated to  the  formation  and  care  of  collections  having  special  reference 
to  American  archaeology  and  ethnology,  and  for  the  foundation  of  a  professor- 
ship. The  trustees  of  the  fund  proceeded  at  once  with  tlie  duties  assigned  them, 
secured  temporary  quarters  for  the  museum  in  Boylston  Hall  (7),  and  obtained 
by  gift  and  purchase  several  valuable  collections.  Among  them  may  be  men- 
tioned those  of  Mortillet,  Clement,  Clans,  Rose,  and  Nicolucci,  containing 
many  thousand  specimens  illustrative  of  the  pre-historic  times  of  Switzerland, 
Italy,  France,  and  Northern  Europe.  Of  particular  importance  are  the  collec- 
tions from  the  Swiss  lakes  and  from  Denmark,  as  they  afford  the  means  of 
comparison  with  the  corresponding  periods  in  this  country.  Next  was  added 
the  famous  Squier  collection  of  Peruvian  crania,  and  the  equally  important 
gift  of  ancient  ]\Iexican  pottery  from  Caleb  Cushing,  and  many  smaller  collec- 
tions from  persons  in  New  England. 

The  late  Jeffries  Wyman,  curator  of  the  museum  until  1874,  during  his 
numerous  excursions  made  very  extensive  researches  in  the  shell  heaps  of 
the  Atlantic  coast,  and  in  many  ways  added  largely  to  the  museum.  The 
archaeological  and  ethnological  collections  made  by  the  late  Professor  Agas- 
siz  while  on  the  Hassler  expedition,  as  well  as  those  that  had  accumulated 
at  the  Zoological  Museum,  were  given  to  the  Peabody  Museum,  as  were  also 
the  articles  of  this  nature  that  had  been  collected  by  the  Boston  Society  of 
Natural  History,  the  Boston  Athenaeum,  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society, 
and  the  Boston  Marine  Society.  A  valuable  series  of  ancient  vases  from 
Etruria  was  presented  by  Signor  Castellani,  and  many  interesting  specimens 
have  been  received  from  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  Washington,  and  the 
Peabody  Academy  of  Science  in  Salem.  Of  the  later  additions  there  is  the 
extensive  collection  from  Peru  presented  by  Alexander  Agassiz,  and  numerous 
specimens  of  stone  implements  found  in  the  glacial  drift  in  New  Jersey,  given 
by  Dr.  C.  C.  Abbott  of  Trenton. 


LAWRENCE    SCIENIII-IC    bCHUUL(2U) 


DIVINITY    HALL   ('23i 


A. YD   ITS  SL'KROUA'DINGS.  4 1 

Very  extensive  special  explorations  have  been  made  in  varions  p;u'ts  of 
America,  under  direction  of  the  museum,  from  which  an  immense  amount  of 
valuable  material  has  been  derived.  In  1876  the  building  fund  i-eached  sev- 
eral thousand  dollars  more  than  the  $100,000  lindted  by  Mr.  Peabody,  and  it 
was  then  determined  to  erect  a  suitable  building.  The  present  structure  was 
completed  in  October,  1877,  with  the  exception  of  its  cases  and  furniture,  at 
a  cost  that  will  probably  leave  intact  nearly  the  whole  of  the  original  building 
fund.  The  jjart  now  completed,  which  is  but  the  front  section  of  the  proposed 
building,  contains  six  rooms,  30  Ijy  40  feet  inside,  four  of  which  are  pro- 
vided with  galleries.  There  are  also  large  basement  rooms  11  feet  high.  A 
wide  hall  divides  the  building  into  north  and  south  sides.  The  interior  will 
be  elaborate!}'  cased  to  hold  the  specimens  ;  and  as  soon  as  these  are  arranged 
the  building  will  be  open  to  the  students  and  the  public.  When  fully  ar- 
ranged, the  museum  will  be  one  of  the  most  interesting  features  of  the  univer- 
sity. The  Peabody  Museum  will  occupy  the  southern  wing  of  the  projected 
museum  building,  described  hereafter,  while  the  northern  wing,  which  is  the 
building  about  230  feet  north,  is  occupied  by  the  — 

25.  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  founded  in  18.01),  and  transferred 
to  Harvard  College  in  187G.  The  collections  which  Agassiz  accumulated  in 
the  little  wooden  Zoological  Hall  (21)  formed  the  nucleus  of  this  institution, 
while  the  bequest  of  $50,000,  made,  in  1858,  by  Francis  C.  Gray  of  Boston, 
established  it  on  a  permanent  basis.  In  1859  the  state  made  a  grant  of  $100,000, 
which  was  followed  by  private  subscriptions  to  the  amount  of  $71,125.  In 
1865  Nathaniel  Thayer  provided  the  funds  for  an  expedition  by  Agassiz, 
with  six  assistants,  to  Brazil,  and  through  the  liberality  of  Alexander  McLane, 
president  of  the  Pacific  iMail  Steamshij)  Company,  the  party  was  made  to 
consist  of  sixteen  persons. 

In  1872  the  United  States  Coast  Survey  and  private  subscriptions  of  over 
$17,000  furnished  the  means  for  what  is  known  as  the  "  Hassler  Expedition," 
from  Bo'iton  to  San  Francisco,  by  way  of  the  Magellan  Straits.  The  expe- 
dition, which  was  in  charge  of  Agassiz,  resulted  in  an  extensive  addition  to 
the  museum. 

In  1868  the  state  granted  to  the  museum  an  additional  $75,000,  payable  in 
three  anaual  instalments,  on  condition  that  a  like  sum  should  be  given  by  in- 
dividuals. Down  to  the  year  1873  about  $500,000  had  been  secured  from  vari- 
ous sources,  including  some  quite  small  contributions.     Since  that  time  the 


42  HARVARD    UNI]'ERSITY 

principal  sum  that  has  been  received  is  that  known  as  the  '•  Agassiz  Memorial 
Fund,"  which  amounted  toS310,G73,  and  was  generously  subscribed  to  com- 
plete the  museum,  as  the  most  fitting  menioi'ial  of  the  great  scientist.  The 
collections  have  been  gathered  by  purchase  and  donation  from  all  parts  of  the 
world. 

Of  the  building —  166  by  65  feet  —  now  erected,  the  west  half  was  com- 
pleted in  1859  and  the  east  half  in  1871.  There  are  two  stories,  each  22|^ 
feet  high,  and  a  basement  and  attic  each  11  feet  high.  The  two  stories  have 
galleries,  some  of  which  are  at  present  floored  over,  to  provide  additional  space. 

On  the  first  floor,  the  so-called  synoptic  room  is  the  only  one  used  for 
exhibitions,  and  is  intended  to  show,  by  a  few  well-selected  objects,  the  whole 
range  of  the  animal  kingdom.  All  the  other  rooms  on  this  floor,  with  one 
exception,  are  for  lectures  and  laboratories.  The  excepted  room  is  devoted 
to  the  assistants  of  the  museum  in  the  departments  of  mammals,  birds,  and 
moUusks. 

The  galleries  of  this  story  have  been  floored  over,  except  in  the  synoptic 
room,  and  are  used  for  the  library,  which  contains  12,000  volumes  and  5,000 
pamphlets,  and  for  private  work  rooms,  and  offices  of,  the  curator,  keeper, 
and  professors  of  zoology,  geology,  and  paheontology ;  two  rooms  of  this  floor 
are  used  for  the  collections  of  entomology  and  the  assistants  in  charge  of  them. 

On  the  second  floor  is  a  large  centre  room,  containino-  a  svstematic  collec- 
tion  of  mammals.  To  the  east  of  it  are  four  rooms,  in  the  first  of  which  are 
the  collections  of  radiates :  the  main  floor  cases  hold  the  corals,  and  the  mid- 
dle cases  fossil  crinoids,  while  in  the  gallery  is  the  collection  of  echinoderms 
and  sponges.  The  hydroid  and  alcyonoid  polyps  are  not  yet  arranged.  The 
room  north  of  this  contains  the  systematic  collection  of  birds  on  the  main 
floor,  and  of  reptiles  and  ampliibia  in  the  gallery.  In  the  middle  of  the  room 
stands  a  fine  specimen  of  the  extinct  Irish  elk.  The  southeast  room  contains 
the  display  of  mollusks.  The  northeast  room  has  a  collection  of  fishes  on 
the  main  floor,  and  of  Crustacea  in  the  gallery.  The  rooms  west  of  the  large 
one  are  to  illustrate  the  fauna  of  North  and  South  America.  On  the  south 
side  is  the  North  American  room,  having  mammals  and  birds  on  the  main 
floor,  and  reptiles,  fishes,  and  invertebrates  in  the  gallery.  On  the  north  side 
is  the  South  American  room,  containing  the  South  American  fauna  on  the 
main  floor,  and  the  Australian  fauna  in  the  gallery.  The  attic  and  cellar  are 
used  for  storage. 


THE    MUSEUM    OF   COMPARATIVE   ZOOLOGY    (25J. 


E?     'ac»fiy.*'iv 


T;.;     ,V; 


111  l«  '  fj-  P'  ^^ 


•s?!«fS^ 


THE    PEABODY    MUSEUM    f24V 


AND   ITS  SUNROUND/ArCS. 


43 


26.  The  Projected  Museum.  It  has  already  been  stated  that  the  com- 
pleted sections  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  and  Peabody  Mu- 
seum of  American  Archfeolog-y  and  Ethnology  are  but  part's  of  one  grand 
museum  that  is  rapidly  progressing.  Below  we  give  the  ground  plan  of  the 
projected  buildings,  the  main  portion  of  which  will  be  380  by  65  feet; 
the  south  wing,  206  by  85  feet; 
and  the  north  wing,  206  by  65  feet. 
The  entire  structure  will  have  two 
lofty  stories  (with  galleries),  base- 
ment, and  Mansard  roof,  and  will 
be  constructed  fire-proof.  The  thick- 
ness of  the  exterior  walls,  which  are 
double,  is  as  follows,  viz:  basement, 
28  inches;  first  story,  24  inches; 
second  story,  20  inches;  and  Man- 
sard roof,  16  inches.  All  partition 
walls  are  of  brick,  with  plaster  at- 
tached directly  to  it.  In  the  south 
wing  the  floor  joists  are  six  by  twelve 
inches,  five  feet  apart,  and  floored 
over  with  three-inch  planks,  covered 


Divinity  Avenue. 
8,2.4 .  rr. 


bLock  pLAN. 

tAiLH    COMpLETED. 


K 


373  fT. -^ 

Oxford  Street. 


Ground  Plan  of  Projected  Museunn  (26). 


above  and  below  with  plaster  one  inch  thick;  in  the  north  wing  some  parts 
of  the  floors  are  upon  iron  beams  arched  with  brick.  A  brick  INIansard 
roof  will  replace  the  wooden  one  of  the  north  wing  as  soon  as  the  pro- 
posed enlargement  Avill  furnish  roo«i  for  the  excess  of  materials  in  the  present 
building.  Through  the  kindness  of  Robert  H.  Slack  of  Boston,  the  archi- 
tect of  the  museum,  we  are  enabled  to  present  the  elevation  of  the  exten- 
sion that  will  probably  be  begun  in  the  spring  of  1878,  and,  fronting  on 
the  east  side  of  Oxford  Street,  form  the  northwestern  corner  of  the  museum 
when  completed. 

The  estimated  cost  of  the  entire  buildings  is  about  three  quarters  of  a  mill- 
ion dollars.  The  Museum  of  Zoolog}'  and  the  Peabody  Museum  of  American 
Archaeology  are  distinct  trusts,  though  both  belong  to  Harvard  University. 
The  management  of  the  Peabody  Museum  is  in  the  hands  of  a  distinct  board 
of  trustees,  although  the  bnlMing  and  the  collections  therein  belong  to  the 
"President  and  Fellows  of  Harvard  College." 


44 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


West  of  the  museum  property  is  — 

27.  Jarvis  Field,  a  plot  of    ground  reserved  by  the  college  for  athletic 
sports,  but  esjjccially  for  the  University  Base  Ball  Club,  which  has  earned  an 


Elevation  of  the  Southwest  Corner  of  Projected  Museum  (26). 


enviable  record  as  an   amateur  club.      The  following  is  a  sketch  of  its  his- 
tory : '  — 

No  organization  for  the  practice  of  base  ball  existed  at  Harvard  until  De- 
cember, 1862,  when  Frank  Wright  and  George  A.  Flagg,  'CC,  then  members 
of  the  freshman  class,  organized  a  class  nine.  In  the  spring  of  18G3  the  Cam- 
bridge   city  government  granted    the  use   of  part  of    the  Common    n^ar  the 

'  Prepared  by  F   W.  Thayer,  captain  of  the  University  Nine. 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDIXGS.  45 

Washington  Elm  for  i)ractiue  ground,  and  this  was  used  until  the  spring  of 
1864.  Tlie  first  rccordi'd  match  was  played  at  Providence,  R.  I.,  June  27, 
1863,  between  Harvard  '^^'o  and  Brown  '65,  and  resulted  in  a  victory  for  the 
Harvard  freshmen  by  a  score  of  27  to  17. 

In  the  fall  of  1863  the  incoming  freshmen  followed  the  example  of  the  soph- 
omores, and  organized  a  class  nine.  A  hard-earned  victory  of  '66  over '67 
showed  the  advisability  of  a  union  of  the  best  players  from  the  various  classes, 
and  on  October  12,  1864,  the  University  Club  was  formed.  The  old  ground 
on  the  Common  was  given  up,  and  the  "Delta,"  now  partially  covered  by 
Memorial  Hall,  was  taken  possession  of  by  permission  of  the  college  faculty. 
In  the  spring  of  1865  the  University  Nine  was  determined  upon,  and  its  first 
game  was  played  in  June,  with  the  Trimountain  Club  of  Boston,  on  the  Fair 
Grounds  at  the  South  End,  resulting  in  a  victory  for  the  University,  59  to  32. 
In  September,  1864,  John  A.  Lowell  of  Boston  had  presented  a  silver  ball 
to  the  ball  clubs  of  New  England  as  an  emblem  of  championship.  The 
Lowell  Club  held  it  at  this  time,  and  considered  Harvard  their  only  formida- 
ble rival  to  the  title  of  champion.  July  15,  1865,  the  first  of  the  series  of 
games  between  this  club  and  Harvard  took  place  on  Boston  Common  for  this 
trophy,  and  was  won  by  Harvard  scoring  28  to  1 7.  These  contests  continued 
until  June  1,  186  7,  when  the  last  game  for  the  silver  ball  was  played  between 
these  two  clubs  at  Medford.  It  was  one  of  the  last  "  free  entrance  "  games, 
and  the  attendance  was  immense.     Harvard  was  successful.     Score,  39  to  28. 

In  1867  the  nine  changed  its  bases  to  Jarvis  Field,  which  had  been  given  to 
the  college  for  athletic  sports  in  exchange  for  the  Delta.  The  ground  was  laid 
out  with  the  home  plate  about  two  hundred  feet  from  Oxford  Street,  midway 
between  Everett  and  Jarvis  streets,  the  line  from  home  base  to  second  base 
running  a  little  north  of  west.  A  convenient  house  was  erected  one  hundred 
feet  behind  the  home  base,  where  the  members  of  the  nine  and  cricket  play- 
ers kept  their  bats,  balls,  etc.,  besides  having  lockers  for  their  uniforms,  wash- 
bowls, and  other  conveniences.  Seats  were  built  in  a  semicircle,  beginning 
at  both  ends  of  the  club-house,  and  extending  about  two  hundred  feet  in  the 
direction  of  third  and  first  bases. 

The  first  match  game  was  played  on  Jarvis  Field  between  the  old  rivals. 
Harvard  and  Lowell,  May  24,  1867.  Five  thousand  persons,  including  many 
ladies,  were  present.  Dr.  J.  T.  Harris  presented  the  Harvard  nine  with  an 
elegant  gold  and  silver  mounted  bat  at  the  close  of  the  game,  which  resulted 


4.6  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

as  follows  :  Harvai'd,  32  ;  Lowell,  2(5.  June  24,  18(38,  the  first  inter-collegiate 
match  took  place  on  Jarvis  Field,  Harvard  and  Princeton  being  the  contest- 
ants. The  game  was  closely  contested,  as  the  score  (17  to  IG  in  Harvard's 
favor)  will  testify. 

A  correspondence  with  Yale  had  been  going  on  all  this  spring  (18G8). 
(The  class  nine  of  '66  had  challenged  Yale  in  1863,  but  at  that  time  the  latter 
had  not  learned  the  game.)  Finally  it  was  arranged  to  play  in  Worcester  on 
the  morning  of  the  regatta,  July  24,  1868,  but  it  was  postponed  until  the  fol- 
lowing day  on  account  of  bad  weather.  Harvard  won,  with  a  score  of  25 
to   17. 

In  1869  the  most  remarkable  victory,  up  to  this  time,  gained  by  Harvard, 
was  from  the  Dartmouth  College  nine,  38  to  0;  also,  a  creditable  victory  was 
won  from  the  professional  Athletics  of  Philadelphia.  A  victorious  game  was 
played  with  the  Lowell  Club,  for  the  benefit  of  the  boat  club,  at  the  close  of 
the  season.     Score,  36  to  24. 

The  following  year,  1870,  stands  as  the  most  brilliant  in  the  history  of  the 
nine,  and  established  the  reputation  of  Harvard  in  this  branch  of  athletics. 
Under  the  captaincy  of  Archibald  McClure  Bush,  the  nine  played  forty-four 
games,  and  won  thirty-four  of  them.  But  one  game  was  lost  to  an  amateur 
club,  and  the  victories  included  many  from  professional  nines.  A  trip  made 
through  New  York  state,  the  South,  and  West,  during  the  months  of  July  and 
August,  will  account  for  twenty-six  of  these  games,  as  it  would  have  been 
impossible  to  play  so  large  a  number  during  the  college  term. 

The  year  1871  shows  no  such  imposing  list  of  games  and  victories  as  the 
previous  year  did;  yet  the  nine  retained  its  preeminence  in  amateur  contests, 
and  won  a  noteworthy  victory  from  the  professional  Haymaker  Club,  by  a 
score  of  15  to  8.  A  great  loss  was  sustained  by  the  graduation  of  Bush, 
Wells,  Reynolds,  and  Austin. 

The  following  year,  1872,  the  annual  match  with  Yale  was  superseded  by  a 
series  of  games  —  ihe  best  two  in  three.  Harvard  won  in  the  first  two  con- 
tests, and  repeated  her  success  in  1873,  making  a  total  of  eight  victories  within 
five  years  for  Harvard  over  Yale  without  a  single  defeat.  The  Boston  pro- 
fessionals lost  their  first  game  with  an  amateur  club  when  they  played  against 
Harvard. 

The  years,  1874  and  1875,  compared  with  previous  ones,  show  poorly.  In  both, 
the  crames  with  Yale  were  lost,  and  in  the  former  Princeton  twice  defeated  the 


AND   ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  47 

nine.  In  the  year  1874  the  corporation  ordered  the  seats  and  ekib-house  on 
Jarvis  Field  to  be  taken  down,  as  some  of  the  residents  on  Everett  Street 
looked  upon  them  as  eyesores,  and  were  much  annoyecl  during  the  summer 
by  the  noisy  games  of  local  nines.  A  law  was  also  passed  forbidding  the  nine 
to  play  on  Jarvis  Field  with  any  but  college  clubs.  This  naturally  limited  the 
number  of  games  in  these  two  years.  Permission  was  obtained  to  put  up  the 
seats  for  the  months  of  May  and  June,  provided  they  were  removed  before 
Commencement. 

The  years  187G-77  bring  us  up  to  the  present  time.  The  disastrous  defeats 
of  the  two  previous  years  had  certainly  dampened  but  not  entirely  quenched 
base  ball  enthusiasm.  In  the  fall  of  1875,  as  soon  as  out-door  practice  was 
given  up,  an  encouraging  number  of  aspirants  for  vacant  positions  began  work 
in  the  gymnasium.  The  spring  season  of  187fi  opened  auspiciously  with  the 
strong  professional  Lowell  Club,^  and  Harvard  scored  her  first  victory.  Durino- 
the  season  thirty-three  games  were  played,  and  but  nine  lost.  The  college 
championship  was  won,  and  the  professional  Boston  Club  a  second  time  de- 
feated. The  midsummer  vacation  was  employed  by  the  college  to  grade 
Jarvis  Field,  which  was  uneven  and  above  the  level  of  Everett  and  Jarvis 
streets.  But  so  slowly  did  the  work  progress  that  the  nine  was  obliged  to  lay 
out  grounds  and  erect  seats  on  Holmes  Field  in  the  rear  of  the  Scientific 
School,  where  all  the  practice  and  college  games  of  1877  were  plaved.  It 
proved  a  cramped  and  decidedly  uneven  substitute,  but  nevertheless  the  nine 
.  '^peated  the  brilliant  record  of  the  previous  year.  The  same  number  (thirty- 
th/ee)  of  games  was  played,  and  only  ten  defeats  suffered.  The  most  ex- 
traordinary game  on  record  was  played  with  the  Manchester  Club,  ending 
in  a  tie,  0  to  0,  after  twenty-four  innings  had  been  played. 
Across  Jarvis  Street,  south  of  the  Jarvis  Field,  is  the  — 
28.  Holmes  Field,  another  plot  of  ground  used  for  out-door  exercise,  but 
generally  devoted  to  foot  ball.  Therefore  it  is  the  field  of  the  University  Foot 
Ball  Association,  which  was  founded  in  1873,  but  took  no  prominent  part  in 
the  college  athletic  sports  until  1874.  The  association  is  chiefly  supported  by 
subscriptions  of  the  students,  and  at  present  is  in  a  flourishing  condition,  while 
interest  in  the  games  appears  to  be  increasing.  That  the  foot  ball  club  has 
creditably  sustained  the  reputation  of  the  various  Harvard  athletic  associations 
can  be  seen  from  the  following  condensed  record  of  games,  p]a3'ed  under  the 
Rugby  rule*,  except  the  first  game,  which  was  under  the  Harvard  rules  :  — 
1  Taw  is  a  club  from  Lowell,  Mass.  ;  not  the  original  Lowell  Club  of  Boston 


48 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


1874. 
May  14. 
May  15. 
Oct.  23. 

1875. 
April. 
Oct.  23. 
Oct.  27. 
Nov.  13. 

1876. 
May  8. 
Oct.  28. 
Oct.  30. 
Nov.  18. 

1877. 
April  28. 


Place. 


McGill,  Canada. 
McGill,  Canada. 
McGill,  CanSda. 


Tufts 

All  Canada. 

Tufts 

Yale 


All  Canada 

All  Canada 

McGill,  Canada. 
Yale 


Jarvis  Field, 
.larvis  Field. 
Canada 


Medford 

Canada  

Jarvis  Field. . . 
New  Haven  .  . . 

Jarvis  Field . . . 

Canada 

Canada 

New  Haven  . . . 


Princeton I  Holmes  Field. 


Oct.  23.      Tufts 
Oct.  26.      McGill,  Canada 
Nov.  3.    i  Princeton . 
Nov.  5.    i  Columbia. 

I 


Boston  ... 
Boston .... 
New  York. 
New  York. 


Won  by  H.\rvard. 


3  games. 

Draw. 

3  touch-downs. 


2goaliJ-and  2  touch-downs. 

1  goal. 

4  goals  and  4  touchdowns. 

1  goal. 

2  goals  and  3  touch-downs. 
1  goal. 

Scored  3  touch-doivns. 

1  goal  andl  touch-down. 

3  goals. 

1  goal  and  4  touch-downs. 

Srorerl  2  tourh-iloivns. 

6  goals  and  9  touch-down?. 


Lost  by 
Harvard. 


Draw. 

1  goal 


1  goal. 

Princeton  sroreil 
1  tourh-doivn. 


1  goal. 


Total  16  games  :  12  won,  3  lost,  1  drawn.     Italics  show  score  of  games  lost. 


Now,  returning  to  the  east  side  of  Memorial  Hall,  and  jjassing  along  Quincy 
Street,  we  reach  — 

29.  The  Gymnasium,  I)y  no  means  an  imposing  structure,  completed,  in 
1860,  at  a  cost  of  about  S9,500,  including  apparatus,  —  S8,000  of  this  sum  be- 
ino-  given  by  a  graduate  who  declined  to  make  known  his  name.  It  is  built  of 
brick,  octagonal  in  form,  74  feet  in  diameter  and  40  feet  high,  and  contains 
dressing  rooms,  but  no  bath  rooms,  two  bowling  alleys,  and  other  apparatus 
compatible  with  its  size.  Besides  those  who  daily  attend  the  gymnasium  for 
exercise,  the  "  Harvard  Rifle  Corps,"  recently  organized  by  the  present 
teacher  of  gymnastics,  drills  there  regularly  twice  a  week.  A  tournament  is 
also  held  there  annual!}-  by  the  Harvard  Athletic  Association.  These  tourna- 
ments comj)rise  si)arring  and  wrestling  bouts,  vaulting,  parallel  bar  exercises, 
and  other  gymnastic  sports,  for  which  prizes  are  awarded.  The  association  is 
open  for  membership  to  all  students  connected  with  the  university,  and  is 
entirely  supported  by  the  fees  received  from  new  members. 

Owing  to  the  increased  interest  manifested  in  this  kind  of  exercise,  the 
present  building  is  not  large  enough  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  students  of  the 


5^E*^ 


THE   GYMNASIUM   (;29). 


THE    B04,T    HOUSE  (30) 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  49 

university,  and  President  Eliot  has  repeatedly  recommended,  in' his  annual 
reports,  that  a  new  and  more  commodious  gymnasium  be  erected,  and  "the 
present  one  converted  into  a  swimming-bath.  As  the  result  of  the  president's 
recommendation,  designs  are  being  drawn  for  a  new  gymnasium  that  will 
probably  be  begun  in  May,  1878. 

The  New  Gymnasium  will  be  erected  on  the  central  and  conspicuous  site 
west  of  the  Scientific  School,  on  the  corner  of  Cambridge  Street  and  Holmes' 
Place,  and  will  be  a  commodious  and  handsome  brick  building  with  sandstone 
trimmings.  It  is  intended  to  give  the  design  the  character  of  colonial  archi- 
tecture so  that  it  may  harmonize  with  the  old  college  buildings.  The  main 
hall  will  be  finished  up  into  the  roof,  and  be  52  feet  high  to  the  ridge;  its 
length  is  to  be  112  feet,  and  width  varying  from  6,3  feet  to  80  feet.  Ample 
accommodations  will  be  provided  for  dressing  rooms,  lockers,  baths,  etc.  The 
crew  will  have  special  quarters  fitted  up  with  hydraulic  machines,  and  the 
nine  will  be  provided  for  in  the  basement  with  exercise  room  sufficiently  large 
for  ball  practice.  Nine  bowling  alleys  are  to  be  placed  in  the  basement.  A 
gallery  with  a  track  for  running  will  surround  the  main  hall.  In  short,  the 
gymnasium  when  completed  will  be  particularly  adapted  for  the  various  athletic 
sports,  and  be  of  ample  size  to  accommodate  the  students.  The  building, 
about  112  by  120  feet,  will  probably  cover  an  area  of  12,000  square  feet.  The 
cost  is  estimated  at  about  S;.50,000,  which  sum  is  generously  furnished  by  Au- 
gustus Hemenway  (class  of  1875)  of  Boston.  The  architects  are  Peabody  and 
Stearns  of  Boston. 

It  is  thought  best  to  mention  here  — 

30.  The  Boat  House,  since  it  is  so  closely  allied  in  its  objects  with  the 
Gymnasium,  yet  separated  from  it  in  location.  The  house  itself  is  of  interest 
chiefly  from  the  fact  that  it  is  the  head-quarters  of  the  University  Boat  Club, 
whose  history  ^  is  as  follows :  — 

In  the  fall  of  1844  thirteen  members  of  the  junior  class  bouiiht,  for  $85,  th-e 
"  Oneida,"  an  eight-oared  barge,  thirty-seven  feet  long  (the  winning  boat  in  a 
mechanics'  regatta  at  Chelsea),  and  organized  the  "  Oneida  Boat  Club."  A 
few  weeks  later,  some  seniors  in  like  manner  organized  the  "  Iris  Boat  Club." 
The  Oneida  was  kept  in  a  shed  just  across  the  Brighton  bridge  ;  the  Iris  was 
moored  in  the  stream.  The  two  clubs  adopted  fancy  uniforms,  and  built 
dressing  rooms  on  the  wharf.     A  race  soon  took  place,  the  course  being  from 

1  Furnished  by  George  L.  Cheney,  secretary  of  the  H.  U.  B.  C. 


50  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

a  little  below  Brighton,  down  tlirougli  the  bridgt-,  and  the  Oneida  won.  In 
the  spring  of  1846  the  clubs,  then  three  in  number,  built  a  boat  house  a  little 
below  the  college  coal  wharf.      Such  was  the  beginning  of  boating  at  Hai'vard. 

In  those  days  there  were  no  inter-collegiate  races,  with  the  consequent  neces- 
sity of  training  hard  for  the  honor  of  the  college  ;  and  rowing  was  engaged  in 
for  fun,  pure  and  simple.  All  sorts  of  excursions  were  made.  At  one  time 
the  Oneidas  visited  Hull,  and  took  young  ladies  out  in  the  boat  ;  at  another 
they  were  entertained  by  the  midshipmen  on  board  the  frigate  Cumberland, 
in  Boston  Harbor  ;  and  once  they  received  the  Boston  clubs  at  the  boat 
house,  which  was  decorated  for  the  convivial  occasion. 

In  1852  a  challenge  was  received  from  Yale.  Harvard  had  no  crew  and 
but  one  boat,  the  Oneida,  then  ten  years  old.  Eight  men  were  hastily  selected, 
who  rowed  together  only  three  or  four  times,  for  fear  of  blistering  their  hands. 
The  race  took  place  on  Lake  Winnipiseogee,  August  3,  and  the  Oneida  won, 
receiving  as  a  prize  the  black  walnut  oars  now  kept  among  the  trophies  of  the 
club.  Another  race  was  rowed  under  similar  circumstances,  and  with  a 
like  result,  at  Springfield,  July  21,  1855.  The  Oneida  was  kept  till  185G,  and 
then  sold  to  Dartmouth.  Soon  after  she  was  washed  over  a  dam  and  lost, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  fifteen  years. 

In  1855  the  clubs,  then  five  in  number,  resolved  to  have  a  boat  built  solely 
for  speed.  Subscriptions  from  graduates  were  solicited,  and  in  185G  the  boat 
was  obtained,  —  an  eight-oared  lap-streak,  fifty-one  feet  long,  no  rudder,  with 
outriggers,  and  decked  at  each  end  Avith  canvas.  To  receive  the  "  Harvard,'' 
as  she  was  called,  a  university  boat  house  was  built  a  short  distance  below 
the  former  one. 

The  first  six  oared  shell  in  America  was  built  for  Harvard  in  1857  by  James 
Mackay,  at  St.  John.  She  was  40  feet  long  and  26  inches  wide,  made  of  white 
pine,  weighed  150  pounds,  and  cost  $200.  With  this  shell  spoon  oars  were  in- 
troduced ;  and  her  crew  was  the  first  to  train  with  any  regularity.  She  was  in 
ten  races,  in  eight  of  which  she  won  the  first  jirize,  and  in  the  other  two,  the 
second.  When  broken  up.  in  1865.  her  fragments  were  eagerly  sought  by 
relic-hunters. 

In  1858  Harvard  invited  the  other  colleges  to  institute  an  annual  inter-col- 
legiate regatta.  These  regattas,  with  a,  break  of  three  je.Trs during  the  war,  and 
with  the  changes  in  plan  noted  below,  have  extended  from  1859  to  the  present 
year  (1878).     Down    to    1870,  however,  Harvanl   rowed   many   more   i*aces 


AiVD  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  5  I 

with  various  outside  clubs  than  with  other  colleges.  A  sophomore  race  between 
Yale  and  Harvard  was  rowed  in  1864;  and  since  then  there  have  been  frequent 
sophomore,  freshmen,  or  scientific  school  races  in  connection  Avith  those  of 
the  university.  The  "  Harvard  College  Regatta,"  later  known  as  the  "Class 
Races,"  was  instituted  in  18G.5  ;  in  this,  all  college  crews  except  the  University 
were  to  row  annually  for  the  Beacon  cup,  presented  by  the  sophomore  crew 
of  the  class  of  ''^^,  who  had  won  it  in  the  Beacon  Regatta  of  1864. 

In  1865-66,  as  the  honorable  emoluments  of  rowing  were  now  much  in- 
creased, the  duties  were  made  proportionally  heavy.  A  regular  system  of 
training  was  adopted.  During  the  winter  the  crew  took  long  runs  in  the 
open  air  and  long  pulls  in  the  gymnasium.  A  liberal  and  hearty  diet  was 
prescribed  for  the  whole  year.  English  rowing  manuals  were  carefully  studied, 
and  the  style  of  stroke  changed  accordingly.  The  result  of  this  system  was 
that  for  five  years  (1866-70)  Harvard  carried  off  the  university  prizes  at  the 
inter-collegiate  regattas.  In  1869  a  four,  with  coxswain,  was  sent  to  England. 
They  met  O.xford,  August  27,  on  the  Thames,  and  in  a  race  from  Putney  to 
Mortlake  were  beaten  by  six  seconds. 

The  Harvard  University  Boat  Club  was  formed  in  18G9;  one  year  later  the 
present  constitution  was  adopted.  The  old  boat  houses  were  then  so  dilap- 
idated that  during  the  winter  the  shell  was  stored  in  the  cellar  of  Appleton 
Chapel;  so  a  new  house  was  built  (the  middle  one  in  the  picture),  and  opened 
in  the  spring  of  1870.  The  vague  system  of  inter-collegiate  races  was  given  a 
definite  form  by  a  meeting  of  delegates  at  Springfield  in  April,  1871,  who 
formed  the  "  Rowing  Association  of  American  Colleges."  For  a  few  years  a 
larger  number  of  colleges  entered  the  races,  the  highest  number,  thirteen, 
being  reached  in  1875. 

The  "  Club  System,"  designed  to  supersede  the  Class  Races,  was  started 
in  1874,  to  render  boating,  at  a  moderate  price,  accessible  to  all.  To  the  Har- 
vard University  Boat  Club  were  joined  four  sub-clubs,  open  to  all  members  of 
the  principal  club,  and  to  each  sub-club  was  assigned  a  precinct  in  which  its 
members  must  reside.  A  new  house  (the  one  on  the  left  in  the  picture)  was 
built,  and  Blakey,  the  boat-builder,  undertook  to  provide  boats  and  oars,  and 
keep  everything  in  repair.  As  this  system  has  not  proved  a  perfect  success,  the 
clubs  are  to  be  connected  more  closely  with  the  Harvard  University  Boat  Club, 
whereby  they  will  obtain  an  increase  of  facilities  with  a  decrease  of  expenses. 

An  eight-oared,  four-mile  race  was  rowed  in   1876,  between   Hnrvard  and 


52  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

Yale,  which  Yale  won.  In  the  same  year  Harvard  rowed  her  last  race  in  the 
Association,  which  has  since  collapsed.  In  1877  Harvard  won  eight-oared 
races  from  both  Columbia  and  Yale  ;  and  for  1878  she  has  agreed  to  row 
another  such  race  with  Yale.  Harvard  has  taken  part  in  twenty-three  races 
in  which  she  met  university  crews,  and  has  taken  the  first  prize  in  eleven  of 
these.     She  has  met  Yale  nineteen  times,  and  defeated  her  thirteen  times. 

The  system  of  training  is  now  more  perfect  than  ever  before.  The  crew 
practice  on  the  river  through  the  whole  college  year,  except  from  the  last  ot 
November  to  the  first  of  j\Iarch ;  and  during  the  winter  months  they  row  daily 
on  hydraulic  machines  and  run  several  miles.  They  are  constantly  coached 
by  their  captain  or  some  famous  Harvard  oarsman,  —  professional  trainers  have 
never  been  employed.  The  crew's  diet  is  plain  but  liberal,  and  for  a  few 
months  before  the  race  they  have  regular  training  fare.  The  annual  expenses 
of  the  club  are  about  S2,.500,  most  of  which  goes  for  the  crew.  The  money 
is  raised  by  subscription  among  the  undergraduates ;  occasional  gifts,  how- 
ever, ai-e  received  from  graduates.  The  boat  house  was  repaired  and  fitted 
up  by  the  college  in  1876.  In  the  upper  story  are  lockers,  a  bath  room,  and  a 
sitting  room;  in  the  lower  story  the  boats  are  kept.  The  picture. of  the  houses 
was  taken  in  the  winter,  when  the  floats  and  bridges  were  not  down.  The 
building  on  the  right  is  Blakey's  boat-shop. 

A  paper  shell  was  used  in  the  races  of  1877;  and  paper,  as  it  is  found  to 
be  stiffer  and  tougher,  now  seems  likely  to  take  the  place  of  cedar  in  boat- 
building. 

A  short  distance  east  of  Memorial  Hall,  on  Cambridge  Street,  is  — 

31.  fFelton  Building.  Continuing  southward  on  Quincy  Street,  several 
vesidences  occuj)ied  by  the  professors  are  passed  on  the  right,  and  at  No.  17 
Quincy  Street  we  reach  the  — 

32.  President's  House,  a  neat  two- story  and  Mansard  roof  brick  dwelling 
situated  on  an  elevated  position  in  the  college  yard,  a  short  distance  east 
uf  Gore  Hall  (8).  The  money  which  paid  for  it  was  the  gift  of  Peter  C. 
Brooks,  who,  in  1846,  gave  S10,000  for  this  purpose.  This  sum  accumulated 
until  1860,  wben  it  was  more  than  doubled.  Over  the  entrance  is  the  college 
seal.  The  first  occupant  was  President  Fclton.  from  whom  it  passed  to 
President  Hill.  At  present  it  is  occupied  by  PrcsidenI  Eliot,  who  has  resided 
there  since  1860. 

The  next  house  beyo]i(l,  on  the  same  side  of  Quincy  Street,  at  the  corner 
of  Harvard  Street,  is  the  — 


HOLYOKE  HOUSE  (37). 


ROOM  No.  9  IN  HOLYOKE  HOUSE. 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


53 


33.  Dana  House,  so  called  because  it  was  built,  in  1823,  by  the  family  of 

Chief  Justice  Dana,  and  occupied 
by  them  until  1832.  The  house 
differs  chiefly  from  its  original  ap- 
pearance in  having  a  cupola,  which, 
together  with  a  revolving  dome, 
was  placed  upon  the  roof  for  the 
accommodation  of  a  reflecting  tel- 
escope. The  cupola  was  added  in 
1839,  and  was  the  initial  step  to- 
wards an  observatory  at  Harvard. 
(For  the  present  Observatory  see 
49.)     The  house  was  occupied  for 

^^   several  years  by  the  late  Prof.  Fel- 
ton,  and  afterwards  by  the  Rev.  F. 
D.  Huntington.  For  the  past  eight- 
een years  it  has  been  the  resilience  of  Rev.  A.  P.  Peabody,  D.  D.,  preacher 
to  the  university. 

On  the  diagonally  opposite  corner  is  — 

34.  fBeck  Hall;  and  next  this  hall,  on  the  east,  is  the  — 

35.  t  Old  Cambridge  Baptist  Church.  Turning  to  the  right  into  Har- 
vard Street,  on  the  south  ^ide,  opposite  Gore  Hall  (8),  we  pass  the  — 

36.  t  Bishop's  Palace.  A  short  distance  beyond,  at  the  southwest  corner 
of  Holyoke  Street,  is  — 

37.  Holyoke  House,  erected,  in  1871,  by  the  corporation,  at  a  cost  of 
Si 20,000,  as  an  investment.  It  is  five  stories  high,  including  the  Mansard 
roof,  is  nearly  100  feet  square,  and  is  built  of  brick  with  freestone  trimmings 
in  the  Romanesque  style.  Upon  the  ground  floor  there  are  four  commodious 
shops,  three  recitation  rooms,  and  three  suites  of  apartments.  The  building 
contains  forty-seven  elegant  suites  of  rooms  that  comprise  a  study,  two  bed- 
rooms, bath  room,  and  clothes  closets.  These  are  among  the  choicest  rooms 
in  the  college  dormitories.  The  corridors  are  heated  by  steam  apparatus, 
while  the  rooms  are  provided  with  grates  and  marble  mantles.  The  hallway 
is  lighted  by  a  raised  skylight  in  the  centre  of  the  building,  and  the  stairway 
is  broad  and  easy  to  ascend.  In  addition  to  the  two  stairways, —  one  lead- 
ing from  the  entrance  on  Harvard  Street  and  the  other  (of  ii'on)  from  the 


54  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

entrance  on  Holyoke  Street,  —  there  are  iron  fire  escapes  attached  to  the 
building.  Althougli  the  rooms  are  quite  high,  special  care  was  taken  to  secure 
thorough  ventilation.  For  the  years  1876-77  and  1877-78  every  room  was 
rented,  which  fact  shows  the  popularity  of  the  building. 

Adjoining  Holyoke  House  on  the  west,  and  fronting  on  Harvard  Street, 
stands  — 

38.  t  Little's  Block.     Crossing  Harvard  Square,  we  arrive  at  — 

39.  College  House.  The  first  house  of  this  name  was  an  "  ugly,  three- 
story,  brick-ended,  wooden-fronted"  building,  that  stood  on  the  northern 
part  of  the  site  of  the  present  structure,  near  the  corner  of  Church  Street. 
Although  built  for  private  use,  it  was  occupied  the  greater  part  of  the  time 
by  students.  It  was  familiarly  known  as  the  "  Den."  The  external  and 
internal  appearance  is  said  to  have  justified  this  name. 

Edward  Everett  in  1852  wrote  about  the  first  College  House  as  follows  : 
"  I  lived  in  it  in  my  freshman  year.  Whence  the  name  of  '  Wiswal's  Den,' 
I  hardly  dare  say;  there  was  something  worse  than  'old  fogy'  about  it.  There 
was  a  dismal  tradition  that,  at  some  former  period,  it  had  been  the  scene  of 
murder.  A  brutal  husband  had  dragged  his  wife  by  the  hair  up  and  down 
stairs,  and  then  killed  her.  On  the  anniversary  of  the  murder  —  and  what 
day  that  was  no  one  knew  —  there  were  sights  and  sounds  —  stridor  ferrl 
tractceque  calence  —  enough  to  appal  the  strongest  sophomore.  But  for  my- 
self I  can  truly  say  that  I  got  through  my  freshman  year  without  having  seen 
the  ghost  of  Mr.  Wiswal  or  his  lamented  lady." 

South  of  the  "  Den"  were  the  college  carpenter  shop  and  the  college  en- 
gine house.     In   1774  the  college  purchased  the  pi'operty. 

Where  now  stands  the  southern  part  of  College  House  stood  the  second 
College  House,  in  which  the  law  professor  was  accommodated  fifty  years  ago. 
The  third  building  of  that  name,  also  constructed  of  wood,  was  situated  on  the 
southwest  corner  of  Dunster  and  Harvard  streets. 

In  1846  the  old  buildings  were  taken  down,  and  the  present  College  House 
was  erected.  The  Mansard  roof  was  added  in  1871.  The  rooms  of  this  build- 
ing are  rented  at  low  rates,  and  are  chiefly  occupied  by  students  who  depend 
upon  their  exertions  and  economy  to  complete  their  coui-se.  It  is  styled  the 
"Grinder's  Home  "  by  some  of  the  students,  possibly  owing  to  the  indefati- 
gable application  of  the  occupants.  The  Society  of  Christian  Brethren,  organ- 
ized in  1802,  occupies  room  24.  The  lower  story  is  occupied  by  the  post- 
office,  Charles  Rivi-r  Niitioiial  Bank,  a  ?avin2;s  bank,  and  several  shops. 


THE   PRESIDENT  S    HOUSE  (32). 


COLLEGE    HOUSE  (39). 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  55 

We  have  now  seen  the  university  buildings  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
the  college  proper,  and  there  remain  yet  to  be  seen  in  Cambridge  the  Bo- 
tanic Garden  (48)  and  the  Astronomical  Observatory  (4:9),  which  are  de- 
scribed below,  and  will  be  met  with  in  "  A  Walk  through  Cambridge"  (see 
page  63),  under  the  numbers  corresponding  to  those  attached  to  the  follow- 
ing descriptions:  — 

48.  Botanic  Garden,^  founded  in  1805,  situated  on  the  northwest  •corner  of 
Garden  and  Linnean  streets.  The  land,  about  seven  and  a  half  acres,  is  said 
to  have  been  given  by  Mr.  Craigie,  and  the  funds  for  its  formation  and  sup- 
port were  raised  partly  by  subscription  and  partly  by  a  grant  from  the  state 
of  some  wild  lands  in  the  District  of  Maine.  The  present  institution  was 
completed,  and  indeed  the  current  expenses  met,  with  funds  that  were  derived 
from  the  state  grant  and  j^rivate  subscriptions. 

As  we  enter  from  Garden  Street,  to  the  right  is  the  garden  proper,  and  to 
the  left  a  chain  of  buildings  in  the  following  order:  the  professor's  house, 
built  in  1810,  the  herbarium,  with  a  library,  laboratory,  and  lecture  room 
attached,  and  the  conservatory. 

The  herbarium,  the  finest  in  this  country,  is  well  worth  the  inspection  of 
visitors;  the  room  containing  the  lai'ge  and  choice  (collection  of  specimens  is 
surrounded  with  a  small  gallery  from  which  hang  pictures  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished American  and  European  botanists.  On  the  north  side  of  the  room 
is  a  marble  tablet  bearing  the  name  of  Nathaniel  Thayer,  through  whose 
liberality  the  building  was  erected  in  1864  at  a  cost  of  $15,000.  In  the  library, 
containing  4,000  volumes,  are  some  rare  and  beautifully  illustrated  works  on 
botany.  The  portion  of  the  library  presented,  in  1865,  by  John  Amory  Lowell 
(class  of  1815)  deserves  special  attention.  The  adjoining  laboratory  and  lect- 
ure room  were  added,  in  1871,  through  the  munificence  of  an  anonymous 
donor.  The  main  conservatory  range  covers  a  space  of  3,720  square  feet,  and 
is  divided  into  six  compartments  so  as  fitly  to  accommodate  plants  from  tropi- 
cal and  sub-tropical  countries.  The  cactus  house  covers  an  area  of  875  square 
feet.  This  range  is  supplemented  by  rows  of  pits  and  frames  having  a  glass 
area  of  1,000  scjuare  feet. 

In  the  green  houses  alone  some  1,300  different  species  of  plants  are  culti- 
vated.    Among  these  are   210   orchids,  300   ferns  and   club-mosses,  and   200 

'  III  going  to  the  Botanic  Garden  or  tlie  Astronomical  Ob.scrvatoi'j-,  direct  from  Boston,  take  tlie 
liardeu  Strei't  earn,  at  Bowdoin  Square,  getting  otT  at  Ciiauncy  Street. 


56  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

cactuses  and  other  succulents.  There  are  extensive  rockeries  for  the  accom- 
modation of  rare  mountain,  bulbous,  and  early  blooming  phmts,  including 
some  of  our  choicest  native  species. 

Preference  is  given  to  native  plants,  and  no  pains  are  spared  to  bring  to- 
gether the  largest  collection  possible,  which  is  ah'eady  very  extensive.  The 
United  States  compositje  grown  here  is  the  finest  group  in  any  garden  in  the 
woi'ld. 

At  present  the  out-door  gardens  are  being  entirely  remodeled  and  replanted 
according  to  strict  botanical  arrangement.  All  the  plants  are  distinctly  la- 
beled and  conveniently  reached  by  grassy  paths  that  diverge  from  the  general 
walks.  The  herbarium  and  conservatoiy,  as  well  as  the  grounds,  are  open 
daily  to  visitors. 

Diagonally  opposite  to  the  Botanic  Garden  is  the  — 

49.  Astronomical  Observatory,  situated  on  the  corner  of  Bond  and  Gar- 
den streets,  whicli,  like  the  other  departments  of  the  university,  had  a  small 
beginning.  Although  the  idea  of  establishing  an  astronomical  obs^ervatory 
in  connection  with  the  college  originated  in  the  early  part  of  the  present  cent- 
ury, yet  it  was  not  until  the  year  1839  that  any  effective  steps  were  taken. 
In  this  year  the  Dana  House  (33)  was  fitted  up  for  the  continuance  of  the 
observations  which  had  already  been  undertaken  by  William  Cranch  Bond, 
designed  for  comparison  with  tliose  made  by  the  United  States  Exploring  Ex- 
pedition. Soon  after  this,  in  anticipation  of  a  new  building,  twelve  acres  of 
land  which  belonged  to  the  Craigie  estate  were  pui'chased  by  the  college,  but 
in  the  interest  of  economy  only  the  six  acres  which  form  a  part  of  the  rising 
ground  called  Summer  Hill  were  retained  for  the  Observatory.  In  1843,  under 
the  impulse  of  a  renewed  interest  in  astronomy  that  had  been  awakened  by 
the  celebrated  comet  of  that  year,  at  a  small  meeting  held  in  the  office  of  J. 
Ingersoll  Bowditch  of  Boston,  measm-es  were  taken  which  resulted  in  the  sub- 
scription of  a  considerable  sum  for  the  purpose  of  obtiiining  a  large  telescope, 
equatorially  mounted,  and  a  suitable  building  to  receive  it.  With  these  funds 
the  present  observatory  building,  with  the  exception  of  the  west  wing,  added 
in  1851,  was  completed  in  1846,  and  the  instruments  removed  from  the  Dana 
House.  During  the  next  year  the  equatorial  telescope  from  Munich  was  re- 
ceived and  mounted.  The  aperture  of  the  telescope  is  fifteen  inches,  and  the 
focal  length  twenty-two  feet  and  six  inches.     Its  value  is  about  S25,000. 

A  transit  circle,  made  in  London,  arrived  in  1848.    Shortly  before  this  time 


IHE    BOTAfJIC    GARDEN    (48.1, 


THE  ASTRONOMICAL  OBSERVATORY   (49). 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  5/ 

two  comet-seekers  had  been  given  by  Mr.  Bowditcli  and  President  Quincy 
respectively.  Since  then  a  chronograph,  spectroscope,  meridian  circle,  and  an 
equatorial  telescope  of  five  and  a  half  inches  aperture,  with  a  driving  clock, 
and  also  apparatus  for  photographing  the  sun,  and  other  instruments,  have 
been  added.  In  1849  the  Observatory  was  placed  on  a  firm  basis  by  the 
bequest  of  Edward  Bromfield  Phillips  (class  of  1845),  who  left  to  the  college 
$100,000.  The  interest  of  that  sum  was  to  be  applied  annually  for  the  pay- 
ment of  salaries  at  the  Observatory,  and  for  the  purchase  of  books  and  instru- 
ments.    There  are  now  about  3,000  volumes  in  the  librarv. 

In  1872  a  method  was  adopted  of  transmitting  to  Boston  signals  for  the  reg- 
ulation of  time,  which  are  now  used  by  various  establishments.  The  method 
is  as  follows:  a  local  circuit  within  the  Observatory  is  broken  every  two  sec- 
onds by  a  clock  regulated  to  mean  time  and  kept  fifteen  and  one  half  seconds 
faster  than  mean  time  at  the  Observatory,  in  order  to  allow  for  the  difference 
of  longitude  between  Cambridge  and  the  State  House  in  Boston.  The  clock  is 
so  constructed  as  to  omit  one  of  its  signals  before  the  beginning  of  each  minute, 
which  is  consequently -marked  by  the  first  signal  given  after  the  i)ause.  The 
pause  before  the  beginning  of  every  fifth  minute  is  made  longer  than  the  oth- 
ers, by  the  omission  of  several  additional  signals. 

Visitors  are  not  admitted  to  the  Observatory,  because  the  work  of  the  estab- 
lishment would  be  interfered  with  by  frequent  visitors. 

Three  important  departments  of  the  university  are  situated  outside  of  Cam- 
bridge—  tAvo  in  Boston  and  one  in  Jamaica  Plain.     These  are  as  follows:  — 

1st.  The  Medical  School,  founded  in  1782,  situated  on  North  Grove 
Street  in  Boston  "in  order  to  secure  those  advantages  for  clinical  instruc- 
tion and  for  the  study  of  practical  anatomy  which  are  found  only  in  large 
cities." 

The  Boston  Medical  Society,  an  association  formed  in  1780,  under  the 
lead  of  several  of  the  principal  physicians  in  the  city,  may  be  said  to  have 
given  the  impetus  to  the  movement  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  a 
medical  department  connected  with  the  university.  For,  under  the  auspices 
of  this  society.  Dr.  John  Warren,  a  brother  of  General  Joseph  Warren  who 
fell  at  Bunker  Hill,  delivered  in  the  winter  of  1781  a  course  of  anatomical 
\ectures,  which  were  *so  successful  that  President  Willard  and  some  of  the 
corporation  who  had  attended  them  were  led  to  think  of  organizing  a  med- 


58  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

ical  school  to  be  connected  with  the  college.  At  the  request  of  the  corpo- 
ration, in  1782,  Dr.  Warren  drew  up  the  outlines  of  a  plan,  which  in  its  main 
features  was  accepted  by  them  and  confirmed  by  the  board  of  overseers; 
but  the  school  did  not  go  into  operation  until  the  next  year,  "  the  lectures 
being  delivered  in  Cambridge  before  a  small  number  of  medical  students 
and  those  members  of  the  senior  class  in  college  who  had  obtained  the  con- 
sent of  their  parents." 

At  first  there  were  only  three  professors,  one  of  them  being  Dr.  Warren, 
through  whose  ability  and  energy  the  medical  school  was  enabled  to  over- 
come the  difficulties  which  it  had  to  encounter  in  the  beginning. 

The  lectures  were  delivered  in  Cambridge  until  the  year  1810,  when  the 
school  was  transferred  to  Boston  for  the  reasons  mentioned  above.  In  1816 
a  building,  under  the  name  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  College,  specially 
constructed  for  the  needs  of  medical  instruction,  was  erected  on  Mason 
Street  by  a  grant  obtained  from  the  commonAvealth,  and  was  occupied  for 
nearly  forty  years.  It  was  then  sold  to  the  Natural  History  Society,  as  the 
needs  of  the  school  demanded  a  larger  building.  In  1846  the  present  build- 
ing was  erected  on  a  piece  of  land  given  by  Dr.  George  Parkman,  and  still 
retains  the  name  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  College,  though  it  belongs  to 
tlie  university.     It  adjoins  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital. 

The  building  is  a  brick  structure  of  three  stories. 

Th-e  ground  door  is  devoted  to  tlu;  chemical  laboratory,  wliicli  furnishes  room 
and  apparatus  for  a  hundred  students,  and  to  the  janitor's  apartments;  on 
the  first  floor  are  the  medical  and  clinical  lecture  rooms  and  the  library, 
containing  2,000  volumes  of  medical  works;  and  on  the  floor  above  are  the 
professors'  and  demonstrators'  rooms,  the  Anatomical  Theatre,  and  the  Mu- 
seum Hall,  in  which  is  kept  the  Warren  Anatomical  Museum.  The  main 
collection  was  presented  by  Dr.  John  Collins  Warren,  accompanied  with  a 
gift  of  $6,000  for  its  preservation  and  increase.  Many  generous  donations 
have  since  been  added,  including  the  excellent  series  of  Thiberfs  models,  1G7 
in  number,  given  by  Dr.  G.  Hay  ward  in  184  7,  as  well  as  the  ninety  others  made 
by  the  same  artist,  and  presented  by  Dr.  John  Ware  in  1849.  A  very  large 
and  exceedingly  valuable  collection  of  models,  representing  diseases  of  the 
skin,  was  presented  by  Dr.  Edwanl  Wigglesworth.  Through  the  liberality 
and  untiring  exertions  of  the  curator.  Dr.  J.  B.  S.  Jackson,  the  nuisiMim  has 
been  made  one  of  the  finest   in   the  country,  and  through  his  inlluence  the 


THE   MEDICAL  SCHOOL  (Page  57J. 


T 


0? 


.# 


THE   BUSSEY   INSTITUTION    (Page  60). 


AND   ITS  SURROUNDfNGS.  59 

Boston  Society  for  Medical  Improvement  deposited  in  the  museum  a  very 
extensive  and  carefully  arranged  cabinet.  The  attic  contains  the  microscopi- 
cal and  physiological  laboratories,  the  latter  established  with  the  bequest  of 
George  Woodbury  Swett  (class  of  1865). 

In  addition  to  the  chemical  laboratory  in  the  building,  there  is  a  large 
room  on  Cambridge  Street,  fitted  up  in  the  same  manner  to  afford  additional 
accommodations.  A  new  medical  college  building  will  be  erected  as  soon  as 
a  suitable  site  is  secured;  over  $1.50,000  have  been  subscribed  for  this  pur- 
pose. 

2d.  The  Dental  School,  situated  at  No.  50  Allen  Street  in  Boston  to 
secure  in  connection  with  the  medical  department  the  advantages  for  clinical 
instruction  found  only  in  large  cities.  At  one  of  the  regular  meetings  of  the 
Massachusetts  Dental  Society,  in  1865,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  consult 
with  a  committee  of  the  medical  faculty  as  to  the  feasibility  and  propriety  of 
establishing  a  dental  chair  in  the  medical  school.  The  matter  grew  in  their 
hands  until  in  July,  1867,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  medical  faculty,  the 
corporation  voted  to  establish  a  dental  school.  This  school  opened  in  Novem- 
ber, 1868,  with  a  full  corps  of  instructors  and  a  reasonable  number  of  students. 
At  first  the  plan  of  the  school  was  the  same  as  that  of  all  the  medical  and  den- 
tal schools  in  the  country  ;  that  is,  the  student  devoted  four  months  to  a  win- 
ter course  of  lectures,  and  studied  with  a  practitioner  for  the  rest  of  the 
year;  but  in  February,  1872,  it  was  voted  to  establish  a  summer  school  which 
should  be  equivalent  to,  and  gradually  dispense  with,  private  pupilage.  This 
course  was  optional  with  the  student,  but  was  increasingly  successful  until  in 
February,  1875,  a  vote  was  passed  changing  the  whole  basis  of  instruction, 
viz:  making  the  terms  of  the  school  nine  instead  of  four  months,  to  coincide 
with  those  of  the  medical  and  other  schools  of  the  university,  and  the 
course  a  progressive  one  of  two  years,  no  instruction  of  the  first  year  being 
repeated  in  the  second.  The  student  is  now  obliged  to  pass  an  examination 
in  the  studies  of  the  first  year,  which  are  identical  with  those  of  the  first  year 
of  the  medical  school,  and  by  the  samfe  professors,  before  he  is  allowed  to  enter 
the  second  year  class.  Three  years  of  study  are  necessary  for  admission  to 
the  examination  for  a  degree,  but  one  year  may  be  under  a  private  instructor. 

3d.  The  Bussey  Institution,  a  school  of  agriculture  and  horticulture, 
situated  at  Jamaica  Plain,  near  Forest  Hills,  on  the  Boston  and  Providence 
Railroad,    established   as   a   department   of    Harvard    University    under   the 


6o  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY. 

trusts  created  by  the  will  of  Benjamin  Bussey  of  Roxbury,  bearing  date  July, 
1835.  By  a  provision  in  the  Avill  the  bequest  was  not  available  forthwith  ; 
but,  in  1861,  an  amount  of  property,  estimated  at  !ii;413,000,  was  transferred 
by  the  trustees  to  the  corporation.  One  fourth  of  the  net  income  from  this 
property  was  immediately  applied,  in  accordance  with  the  directions  of  the 
donor,  to  the  uses  of  the  divinity  school,  and  another  fourth  to  the  uses 
of  the  law  school  at  Cambridge;  the  remainder  was  left  to  accumulate  for 
a  building  fund.  A  descendant  of  Air.  Bussey  still  held  a  life  interest  in  the 
estate  at  Jamaica  Plain,  about  360  acres;  but  in  1870  an  arrangement  was 
made  by  which  seven  acres  were  relinquished  to  the  college,  and  the  organ- 
ization of  the  school  was  immediately  begun.  In  the  same  year  the  main 
structure,  a  commodious  building  of  Roxbury  pudding  stone,  112  by  73  feet, 
in  the  Victoria  Gothic  style  of  architecture,  was  erected  on  the  spot  desig- 
nated by  Mr.  Bussey.  By  the  end  of  the  next  year  green  houses  and  sheds 
were  built,  the  grounds  and  avenues  prepared,  and  a  water  supply  provided. 
The  main  building  contains  an  office,  a  library  of  2,000  volumes,  recitation  and 
collection  rooms,  and  a  hiboratory  with  store  rooms  and  a  glass  house  attached. 
The  cost  of  putting  up  and  furnishing  these  buildings  was  about  S62,000.  In 
1872  the  University  received  Si 00, 000  of  the  trustees  under  the  will  of  dames 
Arnold  of  New  Bedford  ;  the  purpose  of  the  gift  being  to  establish  in  the 
Bussey  Institution  a  professorship  of  tree  culture,  and  to  ci'eate  an  arboretum 
which  shall  ultimately  contain  all  trees,  shrubs,  and  herbaceous  plants  that 
can  grow  there  in  the  open  air.  The  complete  control  of  the  estate  has  re- 
cently passed  into  the  hands  of  the  college,  and  a  particular  portion  of  it, 
about  137  acres,  which  had  been  previously  specified  for  the  arboretum,  is 
now  being  laid  out  as  an  open  park,  with  Avalks  and  roadways,  and,  with  the 
natural  beauties  of  the  estate,  will  form  a  delightful  resort.  Many  trees  have 
already  been  propagated  for  the  park,  both  at  the  Bussey  Institution  and  at 
the  Botanic  Garden.  The  single  object  of  the  school  is  to  promote  and  diffuse 
a  tlwrough  knowledge  of  agriculture  and  horticulture,  and  it  is  intended  for 
young  men  who  expect  to  follow  such  pursuits. 

Sever  Hall  is  the  name  of  a  building  shortly  to  be  erected  east  of  Gore 
Hall  (8)  to  provide  recitation  and  lecture  rooms  —  the  most  pressing  need 
of  the  college  for  many  years  past.  The  building  will  cost  about  Si 00, 000, 
which  sum,  together  with  an  additional  S40,000  for  other  purposes,  was  re- 
cently left  to  the  college  by  the  late  Mrs.  James  Warren  Sever  of  Boston. 


A  WALK  THROUGH  CAMBRIDGE. 


rp^HE  visitor  has  already  seen  the  greater  part  of 
JL    the  university  buildings,  and  it  is  intended  now 
to  guide  him  among  historical  and  public  land- 
marks of  Old  Cambridge.    The  descriptions  that 
follow,  as  far  as  number  40,  are  of  places   not 
owned    by    tlie  college,    but    mentioned   in    the 
"  Walk  through  Harvard."     They  are  arranged 
below  in  progressive  numerical  order  to  facili- 
tate reference  to  them.     It  will  be  remembered 
that  the  numbers  also  refer  both  to  the  location 
"^    (when  within  the  limits)  on  the  key  plan,  page 
^:«"^g^   4,  and  to  the  illustration  (if  there  is  any)  per- 
taining to  the  description. 
Old  Mile  Stone 

31.  Felton  Bmlding,  situated  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Cambridge  and 
Trowbridge  streets,  on  a  lot  of  land  containing  24,000  square  feet,  was  com- 
pleted in  1877,  and  is  the  most  recently  erected  dormitory.  It  is  named  in 
honor  of  the  late  Cornelius  C.  Felton,  the  twentieth  president  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege. It  was  built  by  Henry  Bigelow  Williams,  but  is  now  owned  by  F.  W. 
Andrews,  of  Boston.  The  building  is  of  brick,  three  stories  high,  having  a 
front  of  158  feet,  in  the  Elizabethan  style  of  architecture,  and  is  divided  by 
brick  walls  into  three  separate  sections,  communicating  with  one  another  on  the 
different  floors  by  wide  halls,  which  extend  the  entire  length  of  the  building. 
Three  stair-cases  lead  from  the  three  entrances,  one  from  each  side  of  the  dor- 
mitory.    There  are  thirty-six  suites  of  rooms,  very  light  and  well  ventilated,  of 


64  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

which  twelve  —  the  corner  rooms  —  consist  of  a  parlor,  two  bedrooms,  a  bath 
room  with  hot  and  cold  water,  clothes  closets  and  coal-bin;  the  reniaininjr 
twenty-four  suites  differing  from  these  only  in  having  one  bedroom  in  place  of 
two.  Each  suite  is  intended  to  accommodate  two  persons.  The  rooms  are  pro- 
vided with  open  fire-places,  and  the  halls  are  heated  by  steam  and  lighted  by 
gas.  The  janitor,  who  occupies  the  snug  brick  house  adjoining  in  the  rear, 
has  charge  of  the  building.  The  rent  for  suites  ranges  from  $150  to  S200  per 
annum,  making  them  low  priced  rooms,  while  the  accommodations  render  them 
(juite  desirable.  When  the  grounds  are  laid  out,  this  building  will  be  one  of 
the  attractive  surroundings  of  Harvard.  It  is  situated  conveniently  to  the  col- 
lege yard  and  Memorial  Hall,  and  is  readily  accessiljle  from  Boston  by  the 
Cambridge  Street  horse  cars,  which  jiass  the  door,  or  by  the  Broadway  cars, 
which  pass  within  a  half  minute's  walk  from  the  building. 

34.  Beck  Hall  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  Harvard,  Main,  and  Quincy 
streets.  It  is  not  at  all  surprising  that  among  nearly  fifteen  hundred  students 
there  should  be  some  whose  parents  or  guardians  are  willing  to  provide  them 
with  every  possible  comfort,  especially  when  it  is  remembered  that  the  stu- 
dents of  Harvard  include  the  sons  of  many  of  the  wealthiest  men  in  the  coun- 
try. To  supply  as  many  comforts  for  students  as  can  be  furnished  in  a  public 
building,  a  new  dormitory  was  built  in  1876,  at  a  cost  of  nearly  Si  00,000,  by 
private  enterprise.  By  reason  of  the  time  of  its  completion  it  was  to  have 
been  styled  Centennial  Hall ;  but  upon  further  consideration  the  owner  decided 
to  name  the  building  Beck  Hall,  in  memory  of  the  late  Professor  Charles  Beck. 
This  is  the  finest  of  the  students'  halls  in  its  arrangements  and  furnishings. 
The  rooms  are  fitted  up  with  much  elegance,  —  costly  furniture,  upholstery, 
and  decorations  abounding  throughout  the  building.  No  doubt  a  gi-aduate  of 
the  early  part  of  this  century,  when  a  carpeted  floor  was  almost  unknown, 
would  now  behold  with  wonder  the  carpets  that  are  spread  upon  the  floors  of 
all  the  dormitories,  and  upon  those  in  this  one  in  ])nrticular.  N.  J.  Bradlee  of 
Boston  was  the  architect  of  the  l)uilding.  It  is  four  stories  high,  with  a  base- 
ment; its  length  is  109  feet,  and  width  60  feet.  The  walls,  resting  upon  a  cut 
stone  basement,  are  of  pressed  brick  interspersed  with  black  bricks  and  tiles, 
and  trimmed  with  brown  stone.  There  are  twenty-eight  suites  of  rooms,  twelve 
of  which  are  double,  and  sixteen  single.  A  single  suite  comprises  a  study, 
two  closets,  bedroom,  batli  room  with  hot  and  cold  water,  and  coal  bin;  a 
double  suite  diifei'ing  from  the  above  merely  in  having  an  additional  bedroom 


t 


11   l^-J_Jl| 

_  „          —I  -1        T  >    ! 


5ECK    HALL  (34). 


ROOM     No.    31     IN     BECK    HALL. 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  65 

and  closet.  Each  suite  is  furnished  with  handsome  chandeUers,  steam  heat- 
ing apparatus,  white  marble  mantels  for  open  fire-places,  and  a  fixed  marble- 
top  washstand  provided  with  hot  and  cold  water.  All  the  washstand  orna- 
ments are  nickel-plated,  and  the  faucets  have  automatic  stops.  The  entire 
interior,  even  the  janitor's  lodge  in  the  basement,  is  finished  in  ash,  and  all 
the  rooms  and  halls  have  plaster  cornices.  A  marble  slab  is  placed  in  the 
basement  to  hold  the  silver-plated  mouth-pieces  of  the  speaking-tubes  that 
are  connected  with  each  study.  These  tubes  afford  the  occupants  an  easy 
mode  of  communication  with  the  janitor,  who  can  be  readily  summoned  bv 
means  of  the  thumb-knob  in  the  room  connected  by  wires  with  the  annunci- 
ator in  the  basement.  The  apartments  are  lofty,  Avell  lighted,  and  thoroughly 
ventilated.  On  the  first  floor  the  rooms  are  eleven  feet  high.  Two  entrances, 
one  on  Harvard  and  the  other  on  Main  Street,  open  into  a  spacious  hall, 
lighted  by  a  skylight  in  the  roof  over  the  central  part,  and  paved  with  mar- 
ble tiles.  The  glass  of  this  building  presents  a  marked  contrast  with  that  of 
the  oldest  dormitories,  —  in  the  former  the  size  being  40  by  28  inches,  while 
in  the  latter  it  is  6  by  8  inches.  On  the  first  floor  there  is  a  neat  bulletin 
board  which  indicates  whether  an  occupant  of  a  room  is  "in"  or  "out." 
Near  the  entrance  on  Main  Street  the  Post-office  Department  has  placed  a 
letter-box,  from  which  the  letters  are  gathered  several  times  each  day. 
Around  the  building  there  is  considerable  open  space,  rendering  it  light  and 
airy,  and  affording  beautiful  views  in  every  direction.  The  property  is  owned 
by  Mrs.  Anna  L.  Moring  of  Cambridge,  and  is  in  charge  of  her  agent,  James 
C.  Davis,  30  Court  Street,  Boston. 

35.  Old  Cambridge  Baptist  Church  is  the  spacious  stone  edifice  extending 
from  Main  to  Harvard  Street,  opposite  Prescott  Street.  The  church  was 
organized  August  20,  1844.  Their  first  meeting-house  was  a  wooden  struct- 
ure, on  the  corner  of  Kirkland  Street  and  Holmes  Place.  This  house  was 
sold  October  23,  18G6,  to  what  is  now  known  as  the  North  Avenue  Con- 
gregational Society,  and  was  removed  bodily,  without  even  disturbing  the 
steeple,  to  the  southerly  corner  of  North  Avenue  and  Roseland  Street, 
where  it  now  stands.  For  the  next  few  years  the  congregation  worshiped 
partly  in  the  meeting-house  of  the  Shepard  Congregational  Society  and 
partly  in  Lyceum  Hall.  Meanwhile  arrangements  were  made  and  contri- 
butions on  a  liberal  scale  were  offered  for  the  erection  of  a  new  building. 
The  effort  was  successful,  and  resulted  in  the  present  edifice,  which  was 
5 


66 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


dedicated  September  29,  1870.  The  church  is  an  imposing  pile  of  Gothic 
architecture.     It  has  received  but  Httle   interior  or  exterior   decoration,   its 

massive  and  grace- 
ful proportions  ren- 
dering this  unneces- 
sary. Its  cost,  in- 
cluding the  ground, 
was  about  SI  24, 000. 
The  society  which 
built  it,  although 
constituting  one  of 
the  youngest  relig- 
ious organizations  of 
Old  Cambridge,  has 
become  numerous 
and  influential.  Tlie 
)astor  in  charge  is 
llev.  Franklin  John- 
son, D.D. 

The  best  view  of 

Old  Cambridge   Baptist  Church  (35).  |^]jg    buildinff   is    that 

shown  in  the  illustration,  taken  from  Main  Street,  looking  toward  tlie  north- 
west; but,  viewing  it  from  any  point,  the  visitor  cannot  but  admire  its  gi-andeur 
and  simplicity. 

36.  The  Bishop's  Palace  is  the  familiar  name  apjilied  to  the  large  square 
wooden  house  on  the  south  side  of  Harvard  Street,  directly  oi)posite  Gore 
Hall  (8).  Its  true  front  is  toward  Mount  Auburn  Street,  which  once,  as  the 
highroad,  passed  along  the  edge  of  the  garden.  At  that  time  the  house  en- 
joyed a  charming,  uninterrupted  view  over  the  Charles.  It  was  erected, 
probably  in  1761,  by  the  Rev.  East  Apthorp,  the  first  Episcopal  clergyman 
settled  in  Cambridge.  On  account  of  its  elegance  and  ]iroxinuty  to  Har- 
vard, May  hew  and  his  orthodox  contemporaries  regarded  the  house  with 
considerable  distrust.  Dr.  Apthorp  was  thought  to  have  aspired  to  the 
episcopate,  and  his  house  was  alluded  to  as  ''  the  palace  of  one  of  the  hum- 
ble successors  of  the  Apostles."'  Ilis  antngonists  rendered  his  ministry  so 
uncomfortable  that  he  gave  up  his  charge  in  1764,  and  removed  to  England. 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


67 


John  Borland,  a  merchant,  next  occupied  it,  until  the  breaking  out  of  hostili- 
ties in  17  75  caused  him  to  flee  to  Boston.  He  is  said  to  have  built  the  third 
story  to  provide  additional 
accomnioilation  for  his 
household  slaves.  Then 
General  Putnam  converted 
the  house  into  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Connecticut 
troops,  and  retained  it  a:; 
such  until  the  battle  of 
Bunker  Hill.  Three  com- 
panies were  quartered  there 
up  to  the  time  that  the 
committee  of  safety  took 
possession   of   it.      It   was 

next  the  enforced  residence  ^'=^°p^  ^^'"" 

of  General  Burgoyne.     After  the  Revolutionary  War  the  place  passed  into 
the  hands  of  Jonathan  Simpson,  Jr. 

The  house  was  originally  two  stories  high,  and  resembled  Longfellow's 
Home  (54).  The  hall  is  broad  and  pleasing,  while  the  staircase  is  railed  in 
with  curiously  wrought  balusters  of  various  designs.  The  left  hand  recep- 
tion room  was  an  elegant  state  apartment,  with  high  ceiling  and  richly  carved 
woodwork.  Old  Dutch  tiles,  with  their  allegories,  are  still  in  the  fire-place, 
which  yet  retains  its  ornamental  fire-back.  In  the  second-story  chamber, 
which  was  used  by  General  Burgoyne,  the  walls  are  formed  in  panels,  dec- 
orated with  costly  picturesque  paper.  The  property  is  now  owned  and  occu- 
pied by  the  family  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  B.  Manning,  a  venerable  lady  of  ninety- 
two  years,  who  can  yet  clearly  recall  and  relate  many  changes  that  have 
occurred  in  Cambridge  during  her  long  residence  here. 

38.  Little's  Block,  situated  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Harvard  and  Dun- 
ster  streets,  adjoins  Holyoke  House  (37)  on  the  west,  and  form^;  with  it  the 
imposing  row  opposite  the  college  yard.  Little's  Block,  erected  by  Charles 
C.  Little,  comprises  two  separate  buildings,  generally  distinguished  as  the 
"old"  and  "new"  halls.  The  former  was  built  in  1854,  and  the  latter  in 
1869,  at  times  when  the  college  needed  additional  accommodations  for  stu- 
dents, and  did  not  have  means  available  for  the  erection  of  new  halls.     Both 


68  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

are  of  brick,  trimmed  with  sandstone,  five  stories  high,  105  feet  long  and  60 
feet  deep.  In  187  7  the  entire  block  was  remodeled,  when  an  attractive  brick 
front  replaced  that  of  the  old  hall,  and  an  additional  story  was  put  upon  the 
entire  structure.  Each  building  contains  sixteen  suites  of  large  and  commo- 
dious apartments,  including  study,  bedrooms,  closets,  and  coal  bins.  Each 
suite  is  provided  with  open  stoves,  chandtdiers,  and  gas  fixtures. 

These  buildings,  by  reason  of  their  admirable  and  convenient  location  and 
excellent  accommodations,  have  always  been  regarded  as  favorite  dormitories. 
A  large  number  of  members  of  the  senior  class  are  usually  catalogued  as  occu- 
pants of  these  rooms.  The  students  who  occupy  this  block  are  generally  those 
who  are  able  to  pay  a  good  price  for  their  rooms  and  to  furnish  them  accord- 
ingly, the  result  being  that  the  apartments  are  handsomely  fitted  up.  The 
owners  of  the  block  are  obliged  to  reserve  one  room  in  each  building  for  the 
use  of  a  proctor,  who  is  designated  by  the  college  faculty.  The  old  and  new 
halls  are  owned  respectively  by  George  Coffin  Little  (class  of  1856)  and  John 
A.  Little,  residents  of  New  York  city,  whose  agent  in  Cambridge  is  Charles 
W.  Sever,  proprietor  of  the  — 

University  Bookstore,  on  the  first  floor  of  Little's  Block,  No.  464 
Harvard  Street.  This  store  was  established  near  the  beginning  of  the  present 
century,  by  William  Hilliard,  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Harvard  and  Holyoke 
streets,  in  a  wooden  building  which,  in  1825,  gave  place  to  the  present  brick 
block.  The  bookstore  continued  in  that  locality  until  1850.  About  1824 
James  Brown  became  associated  with  Mr.  Hilliard  under  the  firm  of  Hilliard 
&  Brown.  In  1832  Lemuel  Shattuck  was  admitted  as  a  partner,  and  the 
style  of  the  firm  was  changed  to  Brown,  Shattuck,  &  Co.  In  1833  the  busi- 
ness was  pm-chased  by  James  Munroe  &  Co.,  and  in  1836  it  passed  into  the 
hands  of  John  Owen,  who  retained  it  until  1847,  when  it  was  purchased  by 
George  Nichols  (class  of  1828)  who  carried  on  the  business  for  about  two 
years,  and  then  transferred  it  to  John  Bartlett,  whose  name  it  bore  for  ten 
years.  Mr.  Bartlett  afterwards  entered  the  firm  of  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.,  of 
which  he  is  at  present  an  active  member.  His  successors  were  Charles  W. 
Sever  and  George  C.  Francis  (class  of  1854)  under  the  firm  name  of  Sever  & 
Francis,  which  continued  until  1871,  when  I\Ir.  Francis  withdrew,  on  account 
of  ill  health.  The  senior  partner  then  assumed  the  entire  business,  which 
he  still  retains.  The  location  of  the  store  has  been  changed  several  times. 
Originally  at  the  corner  of  Holyoke  and  Harvard  streets,  it  was  in  1859  re- 


iijLu:-.^ 


if  wmm  i^ 
TiiJnr^Kinipi 


Ill  11 


: «  *e'»J. 


FELTON    BUILDING    (31). 


LITTLE'S    BLOCK  (38). 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  69 

moved  to  the  corner  of  Brighton  Street  and  Harvard  Square,  and  thence 
in  1871  to  the  present  lot-aUty.  The  bookstore  has  always  been  somewhat 
alhed  to  the  college,  the  original  purpose  of  the  establishment  having  been 
to  supply  the  students  with  classical  text-books,  which  in  the  early  part  of 
the  century  were  difficult  to  procure  except  by  direct  importation.  For  many 
years  the  proprietors  held  a  contract  with  the  corporation  to  provide  the 
students  with  the  necessary  books,  the  college  paying  for  the  same  and  in 
turn  charging  the  amount  on  the  term  bills.  From  the  beginning  it  has  been 
the  head-ijuarters  for  students'  supphes.  Several  works  of  the  professors 
have  been  published  here,  as  well  as  numerous  miscellaneous  books  and 
pamphlets.  The  university  catalogue  is  now  published  by  the  proprietor  of 
the  store,  under  contract  with  the  college. 

We  are  now  in  the  vicinity  of  the  "  Old  Mile  Stone  "  that  projects  above 
the  curb  on  the  west  side  of  the  college  yard  near  Dane  Hall  (4).  The  libra- 
rian, emeritus  found  the  stone  after  it  had  been  for  many  years  lost  to  public 
view,  and  planted  it  near  the  spot  where  it  was  originally  placed  by  the  sur- 
veyor, Abraham  Ireland,  whose  initials  form  part  of  the  inscription.  The 
old  stone  carries  us  back  to  ante-revolutionary  times,  before  the  West  Boston 
bridge  was  built,  when  the  distance  from  Cambridge  to  Boston  was  eight  miles, 
and  the  road  passed  through  Brighton,  Brookline,  and  Roxbury. 

North  of  the  Mile  Stone,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street,  stands  the  — 

40.  First  Parish  Church,  facing  the  entrance  to  the  college  yard.  Its 
location  is  amply  suggestive  of  its  past  history  and  that  of  the  ancient  society 
for  which  it  was  built,  looking  as  it  does  on  the  college,  for  whose  use,  like 
the  preceding  houses*  of  worship,  it  was  in  part  erected,  and  on  the  graves 
of  those  who  once  worshiped  under  its  roof  or  within  the  walls  of  its  pred- 
ecessors. 

Its  erection  in  1833  was  the  result  of  a  negotiation  between  the  parish 
and  the  college  corporation,  proposed  and  conducted  by  Presi<lent  Quincy. 
"  The  Parsonage  Lot,'"  so  called,  now  forming  part  of  the  college  grounds, 
was  then  purchased  by  the  college.  The  corporation  agreed  to  provide  a 
church  of  suitable  architecture  and  dimensions  at  a  cost  then  deemed  satis- 
factory, amounting  finally  to  $12,500,  in  exchange  for  the  parsonage  lot  of 
four  acres,  together  with  the  land  on  which  the  old  niccting-house  stood,  the 
ownership  and  use  of  the  north  gallery  in  the  new  church  for  the  officers  and 


70 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


members  of  the  college  in  vacation,  and  the  right  of  occupying  the  church 
four  days  in  the  year  for  commencement  and  other  college  occasions.  Ac- 
cordingly, for  thirty-eight  years,  from 
1834  to  1872,  the  annual  commence- 
ments, the  public  exercises  of  the  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  Society  and  those  of  the 
Society  of  the  Alumni  were  held  in  this 
church,  the  interior  of  which  was  ad- 
mirably constructed  both  for  seeing 
and  hearing.  Probably  during  that 
period  a  greater  number  of  eminent 
men  were  gathered  within  its  walls  on 
various  occasions  than  in  any  other 
church  in  the  country. 

Three  of  the  college  presidents, 
Everett,  Sparks,  and  Walker,  on  leav- 
ing the  presidency,  were  among  the 
most  faithful  and  constant  of  the  wor- 
shipers in  the  First  Paiish  Chui'ch. 
It  was  in  this  church  that  the  inau- 
guration of  President  Everett  took  jilace.  Just  as  he  was  beginning  his  ad- 
(li-ess,  Mr.  Webster  entered  and  took  his  seat  on  the  platform  with  an  ap- 
plauding welcome  from  the  audience,  and  Mr.  Everett,  with  his  usual  felicity 
and  grace,  turning  to  him,  said,  "I  wish  1  had  authority  to  say,  '  Expcctatur 
oratio  in  lingua  vernacula  a  Wehster.''  " 

In  this  church  many  choice  and  brilliant  orations  and"poems  have  been  de- 
livered from  year  to  year.  The  first  poem  heard  in  it  was  written  and  de- 
livered by  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  who,  three  years  after,  gave  the  oration 
before  tiie  *  B  K  Society,  when  one  of  his  hearers,  a  graduate  of  the  old  school, 
puzzled  by  his  peculiar  style  of  thought  and  speech,  exclaimed,  "  Either  this 
man  is  crazy  or  I  am."  It  was  in  this  church  that  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes, 
then  a  young  man  of  twenty-four,  spoke  the  ])oem  before  the  *  B  K  which  has 
seldom  had  its  equal  on  a  similar  occasion. 

Since  1872  the  college,  being  provided  with  a  suitable  place  for  public  oc- 
casions in  the  Ap])leton  Chn))el  and  Sanders  Theatre,  has  ceased  to  use  the 
First  Parish  Church,  and  has  formally  relinquished  all  its  rights  and  privi- 


First  Parish  Church  (40). 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  Jl 

leges  in  connection  with  it.  The  First  Parish,  as  its  name  indicates,  is  the 
most  ancient  of  the  Cambridge  religious  societies,  and  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  flourishing  of  the  Unitarian  churches  in  Boston  and  its  vicinity. 

In  1868  the  church  was  thoroughly  renovated  and  the  interior  remodeled, 
with  additional  conveniences  for  religious  and  social  meetings,  as  well  as  for 
the  Sunday-school,  in  the  vestry  adjoining. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  it  was  not  built  of  more  substantial  material  than 
wood.  The  view  of  it  in  front,  from  the  college  yard,  with  its  Gothic  tower 
and  spire,  is  quite  pleasing,  as  well  as  the  side  view  from  North  Avenue. 
With  plenty  of  air  and  light,  its  internal  arrangements  are  pleasant  and  help- 
ful both  to  speaker  and  hearer. 

The  original  records  of  the  First  Church,  kept  by  the  successive  pastors 
from  the  time  of  Brattle,  in  1696, ^  the  christening  basin  presented  to  him  by 
the  college  students  and  given  by  him  to  the  church,  and  the  communion  plate, 
are  interesting  relics  of  the  past. 

The  first  minister  in  the  present  church  edifice,  and  pastor  in  charge  for 
thirty-eight  consecutive  years,  was  the  Rev.  William  Newell,  D.  D.,  ordained 
in  the  old  meeting-house,  May  19,  1830.  His  successor,  the  present  pastor, 
Rev.  F.  G.  Peabody,  was  ordained  March  31,  1874. 

No  doubt  the  curious  stranger  will  notice  the  little  "  God's  acre"  with 
moldering  and  crumbling  tombstones,  on  the  north  side  of  tlje  First  Parish 
Church.     This  is  known  as  the  — 

41.  Town  Burying  Ground.  In  1635  the  town  ordered  it  to  be  paled  in, 
and  until  1702,  while  used  as  a  graveyard,  it  was  leased  as  a  sheep  pasture. 
Within  these  few  square  feet  of  sod  rest  the  ashes  of  some  men  who  were  the 
guiding  minds  of  their  day.  Among  the  epitaphs  that  should  be  found  there 
are  those  of  Presidents  Dunster,  Chauncy,  Oakes,  Leverett,  Wadsworth,  Hol- 
yoke,  Webber,  and  Joseph  Will ard;  Pastors  Thomas  Shepard,  Jonathan  Mitch- 
ell, Nathaniel  Gookin,  William  Brattle,  Timothy  Hilliard,  and  Nathaniel  Ap- 
pleton,  who  was  for  sixty-seven  years  in  charge  of  the  First  Church,  baptiz- 
ing during  that  long  period  2,138  persons  and  receiving  into  membership  784 

1  The  records  previous  to  this,  dating  from  16^7,  and  also  the  written  autobiography  of  Thomas 
Shepard,  are  still  preserved  by  the  "  FirU  Church  in  Cambridge  "  that  now  worships  in  the  Shepard 
Memorial  Church  (44).  These  ancient  books  can  be  seen  by  strangers  who  desire  to  look  upon  the 
veritable  relics  of  the  Puritans. 

A  list  of  church  members  during  the  pastorate  of  Mitchell  and  in  his  handwriting,  discovered  in 
1815  in  the  Prince  collection  of  manuscripts  in  the  Old  South,  in  Boston,  is  bound  up  with  the  first 
Tolumo  of  records  in  possession  of  the  "  First  Parish  Church." 


72 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


l)ersons.  Here  also  were  interred  the  remains  of  Rev.  Edward  Wigglesworth, 
the  first  Hollis  Professor  of  Divinity,  Governor  Belcher,  the  Vassal  family, 
Elijah  Corlet,  "  that  memorable  old  school-teacher,"  Stephen  Daye,  the  first 
printer  in  this  part  of  America,  Samuel  Green,  captain  of  the  militia  for  thirty 
years  and  manager  of  the  printing-jiress  for  fifty  years. 

It  is  rather  surprising  that  the  citizens  of  Cambridge,  with  so  much  wealth 
and  culture,  should  allow  this  venerable  spot  to  lie  unadorned  and  almost 
totally  neglected,  and  remain  a  common  pathway.  Although  considerably  im- 
proved within  twenty  years  past,  it  yet  remains  in  appearance  not  much  more 
than  an  inclosure  of  many  nameless  tombs  and  many  broken  gravestones,  inter- 
spersed with  brambles  and  weeds. 

In  1845  Harvard  College  renewea  the  tablet  on  a  tomb  over  the  remains 
of  President  Dunster,  and  in  1870  the  city  erected  a  neat  Scotch  granite  monu- 
ment in  memory  of  six  Cambridge  men  who  fell  April  19,  1775,  in  defense  of 
the  liberty  of  the  people. 

On  the  west  side  of  the  Town  Burying  Ground  stands  — 
42.  Christ  Church,  fronting  on  Garden  Street.     This  is  the  mother  Epis- 
copal church,  and  the  oldest  existing  place  of  worship  of  any  denomination 
in  Cambridge,  and  it  is  rich  in  historical  interest. 

The  parish  was  organized  in  1759;  the  first  rector,  the  Rev.  East  Apthorp, 
was  appointed. a  missionary  of  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel 

the  same  year,  and  the  church 
was  opened  for  worship  Oc- 
tober 15,  1761.  It  was  built 
from  designs  furnished  by 
Peter  Harrison,  the  architect 
of  King's  Chapel,  Boston ; 
and,  although  built  of  wood, 
it  was  considered,  in  its  orig- 
inal proportions,  a  model  of 
architectural  beauty. 

The  mission  was  established 
and  the  church  built,  as  ex- 
Christ  Church  (42).  pressly  stated,  to  provide  for 
the  spiritual  needs  of  the  members  of  the  Cliurcli  of  England  resident  in  Cani- 
brid";e,  as  also  for  "  such  students  of  Harvard  College  as  are  of  that  church.'' 


AND   ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  73 

Special  provision  has  always  been  made,  therefore,  in  this  church  for  such 
students,  and  the  rector  has  always  regarded  himself  as  officially  charged  with 
the  duty  of  ministering  to  them  as  a  pastor,  as  well  as  with  the  rectorship 
of  the  parish  in  which  Harvard  College  is  located.  The  students,  on  their 
part,  have  ever  taken  a  lively  interest  in  the  church,  assisting  in  its  minis- 
trations as  lay  readers,  teachers  in  the  Sunday-school,  members  of  the  choir, 
and  otherwise. 

Prior  to  the  Revolutionary  War,  Christ  Church  was  the  spiritual  home  of 
the  Church  of  England  aristocracy  and  loyalty.  The  families  to  whom  the  old 
mansions  of  Cambridge  once  belonged  —  the  Vassals,  Lees,  Phippses,  Lech- 
meres,  and  Inmans  —  here  gathered  for  worship.  Mr.  Apthorp  was  succeeded 
by  the  Rev.  Winwood  Sarjeant;  but  when  hostilities  broke  out,  rector  and 
congregation  alike  were  dispersed  as  tories  and  royalists;  the  Connecticut 
militia  were  quartered  in  the  church  at  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill, 
and  the  leaden  pipes  of  the  fine  old  English  organ  were  melted  for  bullets. 

When  General  VVashington  took  command  of  the  army  in  Cambridge  he  re- 
moved the  troops  and  had  the  church  cleansed;  on  Sunday,  December  31, 
17  75,  the  church  was  reopened.  Colonel  Palfrey  of  the  army  reading  service 
as  a  layman,  at  the  request  of  the  general,  who  attended  with  Mrs.  Washing- 
ton and  his  military  staff. 

From  this  date,  however,  there  was  no  resident  rector  of  Christ  Church  for 
fifty  years.  For  a  time  it  was  under  the  charge  of  some  Boston  rector;  twice 
it  was  closed  for  years  and  services  were  wholly  suspended;  and,  for  a  good 
part  of  that  period,  it  was  supplied  with  lay  readers  by  students  of  Harvard 
College,  among  whom  were  several  who  were  afterwards  prominent  in  the 
ministry  of  the  Church,  such  as  Bishops  Dehon  of  South  Carolina  and  Wain- 
wright  of  New  York,  the  Rev.  Drs.  Asa  Eaton  and  Stephen  H.  Tyng. 

In  the  year  1826  Christ  Church,  after  thorough  restoration  and  repairs,  was 
reopened  at  last  for  regular  and  settled  services  under  the  charge  of  the  Rev. 
George  Otis,  then  tutor  in  the  college.  ]\Ir.  Otis  was  succeeded  in  turn,  at 
short  intervals,  by  young  clergymen  who  have  since  been  well  known:  the 
venerable  Dr.  Coit,  long  of  Troy,  and  now  of  the  Berkeley  Divinity  School, 
Middletown,  Conn.;  Bishop  Howe  of  Central  Pennsylvania;  Bishop  Vail  of 
Kansas;  Dr.  Southgate,  for  some  time  jNIissionary  Bishop  to  Turkey;  Dr. 
George  Leeds,  rector  of  Grace  Church,  Baltimore;  and  Bishop  Williams  of 
Connecticut.    In  1839  the  Rev.  Nicholas  Hoppin,  D.  D.,  entered  upon  a  rector- 


74  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

ship  which  continued  to  1874.     Tlie  present  rector,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Chauncy. 
Langdon,  D.  D.,  succeeded  to  the  charge  January  1,  1876. 

In  the  year  1857  it  was  found  necessary  to  set  back  the  chancel  end  and 
lengthen  the  church,  thus  somewhat  marring  its  original  proportions  ;  but  its 
general  appearance  from  the  Common  is  unchanged.  The  interior  arrange- 
ments have  also  been  somewhat  modified ;  the  square  pews  have  been  re- 
placed by  pews  of  more  modern  form;  the  old-fashioned  pulpit  with  its  sound- 
ing board  and  reading  desk  beneath  has  also  disappeared ;  and,  finally,  the 
organ  has  lately  been  brought  down  from  the  old  choir  loft  to  the  coi'ner  near 
the  chancel. 

The  flagon  and  one  covered  cup  of  the  silver  communion  service  of  Christ 
Church  bearing  the  royal  arms  were  given  by  William  and  ]\Iary  to  King's 
Chapel,  Boston.  They  were  in  1772  transferred  to  this  church  by  Governor- 
Hutchinson.  The  silver  alms-basin  was  the  gift,  in  1761,  of  Mrs.  Apthorp, 
mother  of  the  first  rector.  The  original  Bible  and  prayer-books  are  still  in  the 
possession  of  the  chui-ch,  two  folio  service  books  now  standing  on  the  chancel 
window-sill.  The  original  parchment  parish  register,  with  its  entries  dating 
from  1759,  is  in  the  possession  of  the  rector. 

Immediately  to  the  right  and  left  on  entering  the  church  are  two  large  tab- 
lets, containing  the  Commandments,  Creed,  and  Lord's  Prayer,  which  were 
brought  from  old  Trinity  Church,  Boston,  when  it  was  taken  down  in  1828. 

The  oi-iginal  church  bell  was  an  English  gift;  but  it  was  recast  in  1831. 
The  chime  of  thirteen  bells,  "  The  Harvard  Chime,"  was  the  gift  of  alumni  of 
the  college,  upon  the  completion  of  the  first  centenary  of  the  chui-ch. 

In  the  crypt  or  cellar  of  the  church  are  still  to  be  seen  the  family  vaults  of 
the  Vassals.     Christ  Church  faces  the  — 

42a.  Cambridge  Common.  In  1769  the  proprietors  of  the  Common  granted 
the  land  to  the  town,  "  to  be  used  as  a  training  field,  to  lie  undivided  and 
remain  for  that  use  forever."  This  was  the  place  of  arms  of  the  settlers  of 
1631,  who  selected  it  for  their  strong  fortress  and  intrenched  camp.  This 
ground  was  the  muster  field  of  the  American  army  of  the  Revolution  ;  and 
here  the  flag  of  thirteen  stripes  was  first  unfurled.  George  the  Third's 
speech,  sent  out  by  the  Boston  gentry,  was  burned  upon  this  common.  This 
was  also  the  place  where  the  colonial  army  was  drawn  up  for  grand  parade 
and  drill.      About  the  centre  of  the  Common  rises  the  — 


A^D  ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


75 


43.  Soldiers'  Moniament.  In  the  late  civil  war  Massachusetts  furnished 
the  first  volunteer  troops,  and 
Cambridge  the  earliest  military 
organization.  During  the  war 
Cambridge  furnished  4,588  sol- 
diers, of  whom  938  perished.  To 
commemorate  this  record,  and 
to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  the 
valor  and  patriotism  of  those 
who  lost  their  lives  in  the  war, 
the  city  erected  this  monument. 
The  laying  of  the  corner-stone 
took  place  June  17,  1869,  and 
the  dedication  July  13,  1870. 
The  entire  height  of  the  monu- 
ment is  55  feet,  8  inches.  The 
base  has  an  extreme  measure  of 
30  feet  square,  at  the  centre  of 
which  projects  the  main  pedes- 
tal, supporting  an  arched  arcade 
or  temple,  with  a  roof  surmount- 
ed by  a  column.  On  the  top  is 
the  statue  of  a  soldier  standing 
at  ease.  There  are  four  granite 
bas-reliefs,  representing  the  four 
arms  of  service,  —  navy,  caval- 
ly,  artillery,  and  infantry.  Four  panels  are  enriched  by  bas-reliefs  of  the 
coats-of-arms  of  the  city,  state.  United  States,  and  Grand  Army  of  the  Re- 
public. There  are  nine  tablets.  One  tablet,  placed  upon  the  front  of  the 
main  pedestal,  contains  the  dedicatory  inscription,  and  eight  tablets,  set  in  the 
four  buttresses,  two  in  each  buttress,  are  inscribed  with  the  names  of  the  sol- 
diers and  sailors  of  Cambridge  who  died  in  the  service  of  their  country  in  the 
war  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Union.  The  cannon  around  the  monument 
were  used  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 

A  short  distance  west  of  Christ  Church  (42),  at  the  corner  of  Garden  and 
^lason  streets,  is  the  — 


Soldiers'    Monument  (43j. 


76  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY. 

44.  Shepard  Memorial  Church.  This  is  the  sixth  house  of  worship  occu- 
pied by  the  First  Church  in  Cambridge,  which  was  founded  in  1636  by  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Shepard  and  his  associates.  The  name  of  this  first  minister  has 
been  given  to  the  meeting-house  and  to  the  ecclesiastical  society  with  which 
the  First  Church  is  connected.  The  laying  of  the  corner-stone  took  place 
April  29,  1871,  and  the  dedication  May  22,  1872.  The  chapel  was  finished 
in  the  following  year.  Both  are  of  stone.  One  stone  from  the  house  erected 
in  1756  is  built  into  the  walls  of  this  house.  The  main  building  is  in  the  Nor- 
man or  Romanesque  style  of  architecture,  cruciform  in  shape,  and  can  seat 
1,200  persons.  The  woodwork  is  in  black  walnut.  A  freestone  tablet  on 
the  north  wall  contains  a  condensed  history  of  the  church,  and  one  on  the 
south  wall  a  list  of  the  ministers  of  the  church.  The  windows  are  of  cathe- 
dral glass,  except  one  very  fine  memorial  window  in  the  transept.  The  in- 
terior length  of  the  nave,  which  terminates  in  an  octagonal  apse,  is  120  feet. 
The  length  of  the  transept  is  92  feet,  and  the  height  of  the  tower  and  spire 
about  170  feet.  The  spire  is  surmounted  by  the  cockerel  which  was  placed  on 
the  New  Brick  Church  in  Boston  in  1721.  The  parsonage  is  in  the  same 
inclosure  with  the  meeting-house.  The  present  pastor  is  Rev.  Alexander 
McKenzie  (class  of  1859,  and  secretary  of  the  board  of  overseers  of  Harvard 
College).  The  location  is  remarkably  fine.  The  church  faces  the  common 
and  the  college,  and  directly  in  front  rises  the  — 

45.  "Washington  Elm.  Drake  says  of  this  grand  old  tree  \  "  Apart  from 
its  association  with  a  great  event,  there  is  something  impressive  about  this 
elm.  It  is  a  king  among  trees;  a  monarch,  native  to  the  soil,  whose  subjects, 
once  scattered  abroad  upon  the  plain  before  us,  have  all  vanished  and  left  it 
alone  in  solitary  state.  The  masses  of  foliage  which  hide  in  a  measure  its 
mutilated  members,  droop  gracefully  athwart  the  old  highway,  and  still  beckon 
the  traveller,  as  of  old,  to  halt  and  breathe  a  while  beneath  their  shade.  It  is 
not  pleasant  to  view  the  decay  of  one  of  these  Titans  of  jirimeval  growth. 
It  is  too  suggestive  of  the  waning  forces  of  man,  and  of  that 

'  Last  scene  of  all, 
That  ends  this  strange,  eventful  history.' 

As  a  shrine  of  the  Revolution,  a  temple  not  made  with  hands,  we  trust  the 
old  elm  will  long  survive,  a  sacred  memorial  to  nations  yet  to  come.  We 
need  such  monitors  in  our  public  places  to  arrest  our  headlong  race,  and  bid 
us  calmly  count  the  cost  of  the  empire  we  possess.     We  shall  not  feel  the 


SHEPARD   MEMORIAL  CHURCH  (44).  WASHINGTON   ELM  (45). 


78 


HARVARD   UNIVERSITY 


worse  for  such  introspection,  nor  could  wd' have  a  more  impressive  counselor. 
The  memory  of  the  great  is  with  it  and  around  it;  it  is  indeed  on  consecrated 
ground.  When  the  camp  was  here,  Washington  caused  a  platform  to  be  built 
among  the  branches  of  this  tree,  where  he  was  accustomed  to  sit  and  survey 
with  his  glass  the  country  around."  In  front  of  the  iron  railing  previously 
placed  there  by  Rev.  Daniel  Austin,  stands  a  granite  tablet,  erected  by  the 
city  of  Cambridge,  containing  an  inscription,  written  by  Henry  W.  Longfellow, 
as  follows  :  — 

UNDER  THIS   TREE 

WASHINGTON 

FIRST   TOOK    COMMAND 
I 

OF   THE 

AMERICAN    ARMY, 

JULY  3d,  1775. 

A  century  after  Washington  unsheathed  his  sword  beneath  the  elm,  the  people 
of  Cambridge,  in  commemoration  of  that  event,  celebrated  the  day  with  be- 
coming enthusiasm.  At  that  time  the  stately  and  revered  tree  was  jjrofusely 
covered  with  flowers  and  other  decorations. 

West  of  the  Common,  on  AVaterhouse  Street,  the  second  house  north  of 
Garden  Street,  is  the  — 

46.  Waterhouse  House,  which  bears  the  marks  of  great  age,  and  is  prob- 
ably one  of  the  oldest  houses  now  standing  in  Cambridge.  It  resembles  the 
houses  built  by  the  early 
settlers,  and  has  an  admi- 
rable location  looking  over 
the  Common  toward  the 
College  Yard.  Some  relics 
of  the  "  American  Jenner," 
and  of  an  even  earlier  oc- 
cupant than  he,  still  remain 
here.  In  one  room  is  a 
clock  surmounted  by  the 
symbolic  cow.  At  the  head 
of  the  staircase  stands  an 
old  clock  with  an  inscrip- 
tion which  show.S  that  Peter  Waterhouse   House  (46). 

Oliver,  former  chief  justice 

of  the  province,  presented  it  in  1790  to  Dr.  Waterhouse.    The  old  time-keeper 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  79 

requests  its  possessor  to  wind  it  on  Christmas  and  the  Fourth  of  July.  In 
another  room  liangs  a  crayon  portrait  of  Mrs.  Waterhouse,  the  doctor's  mother, 
painted  by  Allston  when  a  student  of  Harvard.  Another  occupant  of  the  house 
was  Henry  Ware,  whose  portrait  adorns  the  walls.  It  is  jsrobable  that  Will- 
iam Vassal,  who  owned  and  occupied  the  house  before  the  war,  has  left  some 
relics  there.  Afterwards,  Rev.  Winwood  Sarjeant,  a  former  rector  of  Christ 
Church,  lived  in  this  house.  Dr.  Waterhouse,  whose  name  is  attached  to  the 
house,  was  one  of. the  first  physicians  to  introduce  vaccination  in  this  country. 
The  present  occupant  is  Horace  E.  Scudder,  one  of  the  writers  for  the  "Atlan- 
tic Monthly."  ^ 

On  Garden  Street,  at  the  junction  of  Concord  Avenue,  is  the  — 

47.  State  Arsenal.  The  oldest  buildings  were  erected  in  1817.  It  served 
during  the  war  as  a  storehouse  and  cartridge  manufactory.  Troops  were 
also  stationed  there.  At  present  it  is  not  used  for  military  purposes.  The 
Cambridge  Dramatic  Club  makes  use  of  one  building  for  private  theatricals. 

A  short  distance  beyond  the  Arsenal,  on  Garden  Street,  at  the  corner  of 
Linnean  Street,  is  the  — 

48.  Botanic  Garden.     (See  page  55.)     Diagonally  opposite  is  the  — 

49.  Astronomical  Observatory.  (See  page  56.)  Passing  through  Bond 
Street,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Observatory,  to  Concord  Avenue,  and  thenoe 
into  Buckingham  Street,  we  soon  reach  Brattle  Street.  Going  westward  as 
far  as  Appleton  Street,  and  then  through  Highland  Street,  we  pass  — 

49a.  The  Reservoir,  at  the  corner  of  Reservoir  Street.  It  was  rebuilt  and 
enlarged  in  18tJU-6  7,  and  covers  an  area  of  nearly  one  and  a  third  acres.  Its 
capacity  is  5,375,330  gallons.  The  elevation  of  the  coping  is  92  feet  above 
the  city  base,  and  the  top  of  the  stand-pijie,  or  tower,  136  feet,  —  thus  prac- 
tically raising  the  reservoir  to  that  additional  height.  Into  this  tower  the 
water  is  pumped  from  Fresh  Pond  by  means  of  two  Worthington  engines 
worked  alternately.  At  certain  times  each  day  the  water  is  sufficiently  ele- 
vated to  fill  the  highest  tanks  in  the  city.  The  capacity  of  each  of  these 
pumps  is  5,000,000  gallons  in  twenty-four  hours.  The  reservoir  supplies  the 
five  wards  of  Cambridge.  Owing  to  the  fine  view  which  its  elevated  position 
commands,  it  is  a  favorite  resort  on  pleasant  evenings.  The  tower,  which 
affords  a  beautiful  prospect,  is  usually  locked,  but  permission  to  ascend  it  can 
be  readily  obtained  from  the  superintendent  or  the  person  in  charge. 

Turning  to  the  left,  into  Fayerweather  Street,  at  its  foot,  we  reach  — 


8o 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


50.  Elmwood,  —  the  Low^ell  Homestead.  The  grounds  front  on  both 
Elmwood  Avenue  and  Brattle  Street.  The  house  was  probably  built  as  early 
as  1760.  The  surroundings  retain  many  traces  of  the  original  features;  the 
splendid  grove  of  pines,  the  noble  elms,  —  that  give  rise  to  the  name  "Elm- 
wood," —  the  old  barn  and  outhouses,  together  with  a  remnant  of  , the  old  or- 
chard, remain  to  indicate  what  had  been  there. 

Thomas  Oliver,  the  last  of  the  English  lieutenant-governors,  resided  here 
in  ante-revolutionary  times.     The  following  explains  his  resignation:  — 

"  My  house  at  Cambridge  being  surrounded  by  four  thousand  people,  in  com- 

j)liance  with  their  com- 
mands I  sign  my  name 
Thomas  Oliver." 

After  the  battle  of 
Bunker  Hill  the  house 
s.'rved  as  a  hospital, 
;ind  the  field  opposite 
for  a  burial-ground. 

Rlbridge  Gerry,  the 
(Ifinocratic  governor, 
and  later  vice-presi- 
dent, dwelt  here  dur- 
ing- his  official  terms; 
from  his  name  the 
word  "  gerrymander  " 
is  derived. 
Lowell,  the  father  of 


Elmwood  (50). 

Gerry's  successor  to  the  estate   was 


Rev.    Charles 

James  Russell  Lowell,  the  poet  (class  of  1838).  In  this  house  "  The  Big- 
low  Papers  "  were  written.  Elmwood,  now  the  property  of  Professor  Lowell, 
Minister  to  Spain,  embraces  thirteen  acres,  charmingly  situated  and  beauti- 
fully improved.      Across  the  road,  on  the  south,  begins  — 

50a.  Mount  Auburn,  one  of  the  largest  and  most  beautiful  cemeteries  in 
the  world.  The  earliest  meeting  on  the  subject  of  a  cemetery  near  the  city  of 
Boston  was  held  in  November,  1S2.5,  when  a  design  that  was  submitted  is  said 
to  have  met  with  unanimous  approval.  Li  1830  an  offer  of  "  Sweet  Auburn  " 
for  S6, 000  was  obtained.  In  1831  a  general  meeting  was  called  "to  consider 
the  details  of  a  plan  about  to  be  carried  into  execution."     It  was  then  voted 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  8 1 

to  purchase  the  property  for  an  "  experimental  garden  and  rural  cemetery," 
provided  one  hundred  subscribers,  at  $60  each,  could  be  secured.  A  commit- 
tee of  twenty  was  also  appointed,  including  Justice  Story,  Daniel  Webster, 
Charles  Lowell,  Jacob  Bigelow,  Samuel  Appleton,  Edward  Everett,  Abbott 
Lawrence,  and  others.  The  land  was  bought,  and  the  fee  vested  in  the 
Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society,  which  was  authorized  by  the  State  to 
hold  jjroperty  for  cemetery  and  garden  purjjoses.  The  consecration  took 
place  on  Saturday,  SejJteniber  24,  1831.  A  temporary  amphitheatre  was 
erected.  An  audience  of  nearly  2,000  persons  was  seated  among  the  trees, 
adding  a  scene  of  picturesque  beauty  to  the  impressive  solemnity  of  the  occa- 
sion. The  first  choice  of  lots  was  sold  at  auction  November  28,  1831.  In 
1835  the  property  was  transferred  to  the  "  Projirietors  of  the  Cemetery  of 
Mount  Auburn,"  a  society  incorporated  March  31,  1835. 

There  are  more  than  thirty  miles  of  avenues  and  paths  through  beautiful 
hills  and  vales,  lined  with  conspicuous  and  noteworthy  tombs,  monuments,  and 
statues.  The  entrance  gate,  after  an  Egyptian  model,  chiseled  from  Quincy 
granite,  is  on  the  north  front,  which  has  an  imposing  iron  railing  along  its 
entire  length.  The  highest  mound  in  the  cemetery  is  125  feet  above  the  level 
of  Charles  River,  that  winds  about  the  southeastern  boundary.  Upon  this 
mound  is  the  tower,  60  feet  high,  from  which  can  be  obtained  one  of  the  best 
views  of  the  environs  of  Boston.  The  chapel  is  built  of  granite,  in  the 
Gothic  style.  In  it  are  several  marble  statues.  Special  tickets  for  strangers 
who  desire  to  di'ive  into  the  cemetery  must  be  obtained  from  one  of  the  officers 
of  the  corporation.  The  gates  are  open  to  any  one  on  foot  from  sunrise  to 
sunset  every  day  except  Sundays  and  holidays;  but  persons  holding  jDroprie- 
tors'  or  special  tickets  can  obtain  admission  at  any  time. 

Turning  homeward,  we  j^ass  through  Brattle  Street,  which  is  the  modern 
name  of  a  road  that  was  the  great  western  thoroughfare  at  the  time  when 
the  head-quarters  of  the  colonial  army  were  in  Cambridge.  This  street  was 
then  known  as  Tory  Row,  and  the  pecuhar  fitness  of  this  designation  will  be 
learned  as  we  pass  the  old  landmarks.  Diagonally  opposite  "  Elmwood  " 
(50),  on  Brattle  Street,  is  the  — 

51.    Fayerweather  House,   built  about  the   middle  of  the  last  century. 

Captain    George   Ruggles,   one   of   the  rich   Cambridge   tories  who   lived   on 

Brattle  Street  before  the  Revolution,  was  its  owner  until  1774,  when  he  sold 

it  to  Thomas  Fayerweather,  who  occupied  it  till  his  death,  and  by  whose 

6 


82 


HARVARD    UNIVERSIT\ 


name  it  is  commonly  known.  It  finally  passed  into  the  hands  of  William 
Wells  (class  of  1796),  a  fine  classical  scholar,  and  the  literary  partner  of 
the  well-known  publishing  firm  of  Wells  &  Lilly  in  Boston.  His  establish- 
ment having  been  destroyed  by  the  Court  Street  fire  in  1825,  he  purchased 
the  Fayerweather  House  in  1828,  which  he  used  many  years  as  a  boarding 
and  day  school  for  the  preparation  of  boys  for  college.  Among  his  distin- 
guished pupils  whose  memories  go  back  to  the  old  place  are   Richard  H. 

Dana,  Jr.,  James  R.  Low- 
ell, T.  Wentworth  Higgin- 
son,  William  W.  Storv,  J. 
F.  W.  Ware,  and  William 
M.  Hunt.  The  house,  like 
others  of  its  time,  built  of 
substantial  materials,  is  in 
excellent  condition,  and 
surrounded  with  noble 
trees  and  pleasant  grounds. 
It  is  still  owned  by  the 
Wells  family,  but  is  at 
present  occupied  by  H. 
Van  Brunt  (class  of  1854), 
the  well-known  architect. 
On  the  same  side  of  Brattle  Street  we  next  reach  the  — 
52.  Lee  House,  said  to  be  the  oldest  now  standing  in  Cambridge.  It  is 
large,  plain,  and  square,  and  is  supposed  to  have  been  built  about  two  hun- 
dred years  ago,  on  a  frame  brought  over  from  England.  One  of  the  evidences 
of  its  age  is  the  clay  mortar  laying  of  the  great  chinmey  that  rises  through  the 
centre  of  the  house.  The  lower  rooms  have  massive  beams  in  the  ceilings  ;  all 
are  low,  yet  commodious.  Some  of  the  walls  are  covered  with  landscape  paper, 
one  of  them  evidently  very  ancient.  The  owner  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Rev- 
olution was  Judge  Joseph  Lee,  by  whose  name  the  house  is  now  known.  He 
took  refuge  in  Boston  during  the  siege.  This  was  one  of  the  few  houses  on 
Tory  Row  that  were  not  confiscated.  After  the  war  it  was  reoccui)ied  by  Judge 
Lee.  For  the  past  twenty-five  years  it  has  been  owned  and  occupied  by  George 
Nichols,  a  graduate  of  the  class  of  1828. 

Farther  down,  on  the  same  side  of  Brattle  Street,  at  the  northwest  corner 
of  Sparks  Street,  stands  the  — 


Fayerweather   House  (51). 


AaYD  its  surroundings. 


«3 


53.  Riedesel  House,  so  modern  in  its  appearance  that  one  would  scarcely 
believe  that  the  upper  sto- 
ries were  built  about  1750. 
The  house  was  occupied 
first  by  Richard  Lechmere, 
a  Boston  distiller,  and  aft- 
erwards by  Jonathan  Sew- 
all  —  both  royalists.  The 
latter,  as  a  friend  and  asso- 
ciate of  John  Adams,  urged 
him  to  remain  with  the 
I'oyalist  party,  but  Adams 
replied  to  him :  ' '  The  die 
is  now  cast;  I  have  passed 
the  Rubicon ;  swim  or  sink, 
live  or  die,  survive  or  per- 
ish with  my  country,  is  my 
unalterable  determination . ' ' 

The  house  was  mobbed  in  17  74,  and  Suwall  tied  to  Boston.     Baron  Riede- 
sel, with  the  Baroness,  was  quartei'ed  here,  after  the  surrender  of  Bourgoyne's 

army    of    which    he 


was  an  officer.  Until 
(juite  recently  a  pane 
of  glass  in  one  of  the 
windows  contained 
the  autograph  '■  Rie- 
desel," that  had 
pi-obably  been  cut 
with  a  diamond  by 
the  Baroness. 

It  is  now  the  resi- 
dence of  John  Brew- 
ster, a  jjroniinent 
Boston  banker,  into 
whose  hands  it  ]ias>- 

ed  in  1845.     Since  the  present  owner  acquired  the  ])roperty  the  original  house 

has  been  raised,  and  an  additional  story  built  underneath. 


84 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


4-  short  distance  below,  on  the  same  side  of  Brattle  Street,  is  — 
54.  Washington's  Head-quarters,  or  Longfellow's  Home,  the  most 
noteworthy  house  in  Canibi-idge.  It  is  in  fact  a  wooden  mansion  lined  with 
brick,  and  was  built  in  1739  by  Colonel  John  Vassal.  The  exterior  sim- 
ply carries  one  back  to  the  ante-revolutionary  period ;  but  the  interior  gives  a 
strong  imj)ression  of  comfort  and  refinement.  The  surroundings  are  charm- 
ingly picturesque.  In  1775  Vassal  became  a  fugitive  under  British  protection, 
and  Colonel  John  Glovei",  with  the  Marblehead   regiment,  took   possession. 


Washington's    Head-quarters,    or    Longfellow's    Home  (54) 


^Vashington  established  his  head-quarters  here  in  July,  1775,  and  remained 
for  eight  months.  More  noted  patriots  of  1776  entered  this  house  than  any 
other.  Mrs.  AVashington  and  her  suite  arrived  at  head-quarters  in  December, 
1775.  We  learn  that  Mrs.  Washington  held  her  levees  and  gave  her  dinner 
parties,  while  Washington  with  his  staff  was  deliberating  on  the  operations  of 
the  army  destined  to  create  a  free  republic.  Franklin  dined  at  this  house 
when  he  came  to  settle  the  establishment  of  the  colonial  army.  Washington 
revisited  the  house  in  1789. 

After  the  war  the  first  proprietor  was  Nathaniel  Tracy,  who  had  been  en- 


AND   ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  85 

gaged  in  privateering.  He  fitted  out  the  first  private  armed  vessel  that  saile<J 
from  an  American  port,  and  ov?ned  the  principal  share  in  a  number  of  cruisers 
that  wrought  great  damage  to  the  British  marine.  It  is  related  that  after  he 
had  lost  some  forty  ships  he  was  quite  despondent,  and,  while  discussing  with 
his  brother  how  they  should  obtain  the  means  of  subsistence  for  their  families, 
an  unexpected  vessel  sailed  into  the  harbor  bringing  a  prize  valued  at  £20,000. 

The  next  owner  was  Thomas  Russell,  who,  as  the  story  goes,  made  a  break- 
fast of  a  sandwich  consisting  of  a  hundred  dollar  bill  between  two  slices  of 
bread.  In  1791  Andrew  Craigie,  the  apothecary-general  of  the  continental 
army,  bought  the  house  with  150  acres  of  land,  upon  which  was  the  Vassal 
House  (59),  for  £3,750.  Among  the  guests  of  Dr.  Craigie  were  Talleyrand 
and  the  Duke  of  Kent.  In  1833  Jared  Sparks  and  Willard  Phillips  resided 
here.  Edward  Everett  and  Joseph  E.  Worcester,  the  lexicographer,  also 
lived  in  this  house.  In  1837  Henry  W.  Longfellow  became  an  inmate  of  the 
house,  and  in  1843  he  purchased  it,  with  eight  acres  of  the  surrounding  land. 

In  this  delightful  neighborhood,  between  Longfellow's  Home  and  Mason 
Street,  lies  the  property  of  the  — 

55.  EPISCOPAL  THEOLOGICAL  SCHOOL  OF  MASS.,  which 
was  founded  in  1867,  upon  an  endowment  given  by  Benjamin  T.  Reed  of  Bos- 
ton. Although  it  possesses  many  advantages  from  its  proximity  to  Harvard, 
it  is  not  connected  with  the  latter.  The  institution  has  a  faculty  of  five  pro- 
fessors; and  the  requirements  for  admission  are,  besides  evidence  of  fitness 
for  the  ministry,  candidateship  for  orders  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church, 
with  full  literary  qualifications,  or  the  holding  of  a  college  diploma,  or  the 
submission  to  an  examination  in  the  following  subjects,  namely:  classics,  men- 
tal and  moral  sciences,  logic,  and  rhetoric.  The  dean  of  the  faculty  is  Rev. 
George  Zabriskie  Gray,  D.  D. ,  and  the  secretary  is  Rev.  A.  V.  G.  Allen. 
The  outlay  for  buildings  and  land  thus  far  amounts  to  $220,000,  and  the 
buildings  comprise  St.  John's  Memorial  Chapel,  Reed  Hall,  and  Lawrence 
Hall,  which  are  described  below.  A  new  building  is  soon  to  be  erected  be- 
hind the  chapel  for  the  purposes  of  a  refectory.  Referring  to  the  illustration 
on  page  86,  the  building  to  the  right  is  — 

56.  St.  John's  Memorial  Chapel,  which  was  built,  in  1870,  by  Robert  M. 
Mason  of  Boston,  as  a  memorial  of  his  wife  and  his  brother,  the  Rev.  Charles 
Mason,  D.  D.  It  accommodates  about  450  persons,  and  is  kept  open,  not 
only  for  the  use  of  the  school,  but  also  as  a  free  church  for  the  students  of 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY. 


87 


Harvard,  and  such  others  as  desire  to  attend  its  daily  and  Sunday  services. 
To  the  left  is  — 

57.  Lawrence  Hall,  erected,  in  1873,  by  Amos  A.  Lawrence  of  Boston. 
It  is  the  dormitory  of  the  school,  and  contains  suites  of  rooms  for  twenty  stu- 
dents.    In  the  centre  is  — 

58.  Reed  Hall,  which  contains  a  beautiful  library  room,  and  six  lecture 
rooms.  It  is  named  after  the  founder  of  the  school,  who  provided  the  means 
to  erect  the  building  in  187.5. 

All  of  these  buildings  are  of  stone,  and  fitted  up  with  taste  and  complete- 
ness. They  are  worthy  of  an  inspection  by  visitors,  who  will  be  readily  ad- 
mitted upon  application  to 
the  janitor. 

Opposite  the   Theologi- 
cal   School,  on   the   south 
side    of     Brattle     Street,    ^i 
stands  the  — 

59.  Vassal  House.  It 
is  one  of  the  oldest  houses 
now  standing,  and  while 
the  interior  has  all  the 
charms  and  comforts  of 
old  age,  the  walls  are  sur- 
rounded by  picturesque 
groun(\g.  In  1842  the  east 
front  was  injured  by  fire, 
and^jits  original  appear- 
ance has  been  but  partially  restored.  From  time  to  time  additions  and 
alterations  have  been  made,  yet  the  main  building  preserves  much  of  its 
first  design.  In  1717  Jonathan  Belcher,  at  that  time  a  merchant  of  Boston, 
and  afterwards  governor  of  the  province,  inherited  the  place.  A  later  ])ro- 
prietor  was  Colonel  John  Vassal,  the  elder,  by  whom  it  was  conveyed  to 
Major  Henry  Vassal.  The  widow  of  the  latter,  nte  Penelo])e  Royall,  fled  from 
licrhome  at  the  outbreak  of  ihe  war  in  such  haste  that  she  had  not  time  even 
to  restore  to  lier  friends  a  young  companion,  whom  she  conseijuently  was 
compelled  to  take  with  her.  Part  of  the  personal  effects  were  confiscated  by 
Colonel  Stark,  and  a  part  passed  into  Boston.  The  barns  and  outl)iiildings 
were  used  for  the  colony  forage.     The  property  was  not  confiscated,  as  has 


Vassal    Houso  (53) 


88 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


been  sometimes  asserted.  This  house  was,  most  prob;ibly  the  head-quarters  of 
the  medical  department  of  the  American  army,  as  well  as  the  residence  and 
prison  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Church.  The  cutting  of  '' B.  Church,  Jr."  on  a  door 
in  the  second  story  would  seem  to  indicate  the  room  in  which  he  was  detained. 
At  present  it  is  the  residence  of  the  owner,  Samuel  Batchelder,  who,  now  in 
his  ninety-fourth  year,  is  the  oldest  living  inhabitant  of  Cambrido'e. 
Farther  down,  on  the  same  siile  of  the  street,  is  the  — 
60.  Brattle  House.      The  date  of   its  erection  is  probably  about  1740. 

The  beautiful  grounds  that 
at  one  time  surrounded  it 
comprised  the  famous  Brat- 
tle Mall,  which  included 
a  charming  promenade  that 
was  a  popular  resort.  The 
estate  belonged  to  ^Villiani 
Brattle  (class  of  1"22),  a 
man  of  various  professions 
and  eminent  in  all.  He  was 
at  different  times  clergyman, 
physician,  lawyer,  and  ma- 
jor-general. His  father  was 
Rev.  William  Brattle  (class 


Brattle  House  (60). 


of  1680),  the  noted  Cambridge  clergyman,  and  his  uncle  was  Tbomas  Brattle 
of  Boston,  treasurer  of  Harvard  College  for  twen.ty-five  years,  and  a  prominent 
merchant,  whose  liberality  toward  the  Brattle  Street  Church  caused  the 
church  and  street  to  be  named  after  him.  From  this  family  Brattle  St»eet, 
Cambridge,  derives  its  name.  Thomas  Brattle  (class  of  1760),  son  of  Will- 
iam Brattle,  made  his  grounds  the  most  celebrated  in  New  England,  and 
although  a  fugitive  in  17  75,  nevertheless,  upon  his  return  after  the  war,  he 
had  his  political  disabilities  removed.  The  drowning  of  several  students, 
while  loathing,  caused  Brattle,  with  his  usual  kind-heartedness,  to  erect  a  free 
bath  at  the  foot  of  the  street  formerly  known  as  Bath  Lane,. now  Ash  Street. 
General  Mifflin,  while  quartermaster  to  the  continental  army,  occupied  the 
house,  which,  during  his  occupancy,  was  visited  by  many  persons  distinguished 
in  the  Revolution.  Samuel  Appleton,  a  Boston  merchant,  was  proprietor  of 
the  place  at  one  time.     Abraham  W.  Fuller,  who  relinquished  his  business  as 


AND   ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


89 


New  City  Building  (61) 


a  merchant  of  Boston  to  enter  the  legal  profession,  owned  and  occupied  th« 
house  for   about  seventeen  , 

years.  The  property  be- 
longs to  the  venerable  Sam- 
uel Batchelder,  who  owns 
also  the  Vassal  House  (59), 
in  which  he  resides. 

At  the  corner  beyond  is 
the  University  Press,  a 
large  four  -  story  wooden 
building.  To  the  south  of 
this  building  stands  the  — 

61.  New  City  Building, 
on  the  south  sitle  of  Mount 
Auburn  Street.  It  is  a  large 
brick  structure  erected,  in 
1876,  at  a  cost  of  about 
$75,000.  The  building  is  used  as  a  police  court,  police  station,  engine  house, 
ward-meeting  house,  several  city  offices,  art  school,  and  day  school.  The  in- 
terior is  well  finished,  and 
[\"'f;  //^.  .  the  whole  is  well  adapted 

to  the  purposes  for  which 
it  was  erected.  The  tower 
on  the  main  portion  of  the 
building,  contains  an  il- 
luminated clock.  In  the 
upper  stories  are  the"  bat- 
teries and  signals  of  the 
fire  department. 

62.  Hicks  House,  on 
the  southeast  corner  of 
Winthrop  and  Dunster 
streets.  The  chief  historic 
event  connected  with  this 
house  is  the  fact  that  its 
owner  and  occupant  at  the  time  of  the  Revolution  was  John  Hicks.    He  was  an 


Hicks    House  (62j 


90 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


ardent  patriot,  and  is  said  to  have  assisted  in  the  destruction  of  tea  in  Bos- 
ton Harbor,  December  16,  1773.  Although  exempted  from  mihtary  service  on 
account  of  his  age,  he  enhsted  as  a  volunteer.  He  was  one  of  the  six  citizens^ 
of  Cambridge  who  were  killed  on  the  day  of  the  so-called  "  Concord  Fight," 
and  to  whose  memory  the  city  erected  a  monument  in  1870,  in  the  Town  Bury- 
ing Ground  (41).  The  widow  of  Mr.  Hicks  lived  to  the  advanced  age  of 
ninety-nine  years,  and  many  persons  now  living  have  heard  from  her  lips  an 
account  of  that  memorable  day.  This  house  was  built  in  1760.  The  north 
room  Avas  used  for  a  commissary  office  by  the  direction  of  General  Washington 
during  the  stay  of  the  army  in  Cambridge.  Professor  Sidney  Willard  owned 
and  occupied  the  house  for  many  years. 

63.  St.  Paul's  Church,  on  Mt.  Auburn  Street,  corner  of  Holyoke  Street. 

This  house  was  originally  dedicated 
on  the  •23d  of  February,  1831. 

It  is  not  within  the  scojie  of  this 
work  to  give  an  account  of  the  man- 
ufacturing interests  of  Cambridge. 
One,  however,  is  so  closely  allied  to 
her  educational  interests  that  we  de- 
sire to  mention  it.  We  refer  to  the 
printing  business.  The  first  print- 
ing-press in  America,  north  of  Mex- 
ico, was  setujjin  1639  in  Cambridge. 
At  that  time  printers  gained  a  foot- 
hold liere,  and  have  retained  it  ever 
since.  To-day  there  are  three  ex- 
tensive firms,  from  whose  establish- 
ments thousands  of  books  of  every 
description  are  annually  sent  broad- 
cast over  the  country.  The  largest 
of  these  concerns  is  — 

64.  The  Riverside  Press,  where  are  manufactured  the  books  published 
by  Houghton,  Osgood,  &  Co.,  as  well  as  many  publications  liy  otlier  firms.     It 

1  Another  one  of  this  party  was  Moses  Richardson,  who  also  was  exempt  from  service.  His  house 
is  still  standing.  It  is  the'first  house  oast  of  Tliaj  or  Commons  Hall  (19),  and  can  be  seen  in  the 
illustration  on  page  35.     For  about  three  (iuarters  of  a  century  it  was  occupied  by  Royal  Morse. 


St.  Paul's  Church  (63). 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  9 1 

is  situated  on  tlife  banks  of  the  Charles  River,  in  Cambridge,  about  three 
quarters  of  a  mile  south  of  Harvard  College.  The  visitor  from  Boston  reaches 
the  Press  by  the  River  Street  horse  car,  the  Brighton  horse  car,  or  the  Pearl 
Street  horse  car,  leaving  Bowdoin  Square  about  every  ten  minutes,  the  time 
from  Boston  btiing  just  half  an  hour.  The  estate  held  by  the  firm  comprises 
between  three  and  four  acres,  lying  between  Charles  River,  on  which  it  abuts, 
and  Blackstone  Street.  The  principal  building  is  four  stories  high,  with  a 
front  of  a  hundred  feet  and  a  depth  of  a  hundred  and  sixty  feet.  In  this  are 
contained  the  offices,  and  all  the  departments  of  printing,  binding,  stereotyp- 
ing, electrotyping,  lithography,  and  plate  printing.  At  the  rear  are  a  large 
fire-proof  warehouse  for  the  storage  of  sheet-stock  and  paper,  a  smaller  fire- 
proof safe,  wholly  above  ground,  for  the  storage  of  stereotype  plates,  and  a 
building  containing  the  engine  and  stereotype  foundry.  The  water  front  is 
protected  by  a  stone  pier  allowing  ample  wharf  room  and  a  fine,  open  view 
of  the  river,  meadows,  and  distant  hills.  The  counting-room  occupies  a 
portion  of  the  front  second  story  of  the  principal  building.  Here  are  the 
rooms  of  the  proprietors,  desks  for  the  superintendents  of  the  several  de- 
partments, a  library  for  the  use  of  the  work-people  (who  also  have  a  well- 
established  savings  departmeni),  a  telegraph  station,  safes  for  MSS.,  and 
communication  with  all  parts  of  the  building  by  means  of  bells  and  tubes. 

The  business  of  manufacturing  is  carried  on  at  the  Riverside  Press,  Cam- 
bridge; but  the  head-quarters  of  the  firm  as  a  publishing  and  bookselling  con- 
cern are  at  220  Devonshire  Street  (Winthrop  Square),  Boston,  where,  in 
chambers  above  their  elegant  and  commodious  counting-rooms,  the  firm  also 
conducts  the  heliotype  business,  Avhich  has  attained  large  dimensions. 

Among  the  various  ways  of  reaching  Harvard  College  from  Boston,  one  of 
the  most  interesting,  although  not  the  shortest,  is  the  — 

65.  Brookline  Bridge  Route.  Starting  from  the  southeast  corner  of  Bos- 
ton Common  and  going  west  on  Boylston  Street,  we  pass  in  full  view  of  several 
elegant  family  hotels,  the  Younci  Men's  Christian  Union, '^  INIasonic  Temple, 
Boston  Public  Library,  Boston  Common,  — containing  the  new  Soldier's  Mon- 
ument, and  the  Old  Cemetery  fronting  on  Boylston  Street, —  The  Public 
Garden,  Boston  and  Providence  Railroad  Depot,  Arlington  Street  Church, 
Central    Congregational    Church.    Sisters'    Notre    Dame  Acadenvi.  Society  of 

»  Italicized  iilace>  are  on  the  left  liand,  iiiid  the  rest  on  the  right  hand  side. 


92  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY. 

Natural  History  Building,  Institute  of  Technology,  Hotil  Bruiisivicl-,''-  Museum 
of  Fine  Ai'ls,  Trinity  Church,  Second  Unitarian  Church,  Chauncy  Hall 
School,  New  Old  South  Church.  Crossing  Clarendon  Street  to  the  New 
Brattle  Square  Unitarian  Church,  we  pass  through  Commonwealth  Avenue  — 
with  its  lovely  park  along  its  entire  length  —  to  Chester  Park  Street.  We  then 
cross  to  Beacon  Street.  Near  the  intersection  of  these  streets  is  the  place 
designated  for  the  entrance  to  the  proposed  Back  Ba'y  Park,  and  in  this  vicin- 
ity it  is  thought  that  a  new  bridge  connecting  Boston  and  Cainbridge  will*  be 
built.  Thus  far  the  route  has  been  through  the  Back  Bay  district,  where 
handsome  residences  are  seen  on  every  side.  Continiung  on  Beacon  Street, 
Boston's  fashionable  drive,  we  soon  reach  the  fork  in  the  road  where^it 
branches  in  three  directions,  the  one  on  the  left  towards  Jamaica  Plain,  that 
in  the  centre  towards  Newton  Centre,  while  the  one  on  the  right,  which  we 
follow,  leads  to  Brighton.  Crossing  Brookline  Bridge  we  obtain  a  charming 
view  of  Charles  River,  and  of  Boston  and  its  environs.  Tlie  bridge  terminates 
on  the  Cambridge  side  in  Brookline  Street,  and  at  a  short  distance  is  Putnam 
Avenue,  which  leads  directly  to  the  vicinity  of  the  college.  Passing  through 
Putnam  Avenue,  we  obtain  a  good  view  of  the  Riverside  Press  (64)  and 
the  Boat  House  (30). 

'  66.  Hotel  Brunswick,  Boston,  situated  upon  Boylstoii  Street,  corner  of  ClarenLlon  Street,  is  one 
of  the  most  comfortable  and  handsomely  furnished  hotels  iu  the  world.  The  building,  which  is  es- 
sentially fire-proof,  is  200  by  125  feet,  six  stories  high,  with  basement,  and  contains  350  rooms.  The 
structure  is  of  brick,  with  heavy  sandstone  trimmings.  The  principal  finish  of  the  first  two  stones 
is  of  black  walnut.  On  the  right  of  the  principal  entrance  are  two  parlors  for  the  use  of  ladies, 
and  on  the  left  of  the  main  entrance  is  the  gentlemen's  p.arlor.  On  the  easterly  side  of  the  hotel  is 
the  new  dining  hall  dedicated  upon  Whittier"s  seventieth  birthday,  when  the  proprietors  of  the 
Atlantic  Monthly  gave  the  dinner  at  which  so  many  noted  American  writers  were  present.  On  the 
right  of  the  ladies"  entrance  is  the  large  dining  hall,  80  feet  long  by  48  feet  wide  Both  dining  halls 
have  marble  tile  floors,  the  walls  being  Pompeian  red  and  the  ceiling  frescoed  to  correspond. 

The  five  stories  above  are  divided  into  suites  of  rooms  and  single  rooms,  all  conveniently  arranged, 
and  provided  with  all  modern  improvements,  including  open  fire-places,  besides  steam  heatinj; 
apparatus.  Everything  seems  to  have  been  done  to  make  the  house  home-like,  comfortable,  and 
attractive,  and  free  from  the  usual  cheerless  appearance  of  hotels. 

The  cost  of  the  building  will  come  close  to  a  million  dollars. 

The  Brunswick  was  built  in  1874,  and  enlarged  in  1876.  The  architects  were  Peabody  and  Stearns. 
It  is  owned  by  Henry  Bigelow  Williams  (class  of  1865),  who  also  owns  Felton  Building  (31).  The 
lessee  and  manager  of  the  hotel  is  J.  W.  Wolcott,  who  has  furnished  it  in  lavish  and  ma'gnificcnt 
style.  It  is  conducted  on  the  American  plan,  and  under  the  skilled  hands  of  the  lessee  has  proved 
to  be  such  an  hotel  as  Bo.ston  had  never  seen  before. 

President  ITayes,  when  attending  H;irvard  t^omniencement,  in  1S77,  with  his  family  and  suite,  occu- 
|iied  room.;  .-it  the  Brunswick.  Tlic  rooms  were  wholly  refurnished  and  the  hotel  elaborately  deco- 
rated for  the  occasion.    Governor  Rice  resides  at  this  hotel. 


CHARLES  A.  SMITH  &  CO. 
MERCHANT  TAILORS, 

AND  DIRECT  IMPORTERS  OF 

FINE  LONDON  AND  PARIS  GOODS 
FOR  GENTLEMEN'S  WEAR, 


All  gentlemen  are  invited  to  call  and  inspect  our  selections,  which 

comprise 

THE    LARGEST   STOCK    OF 

FINE    FOREIGN    GOODS 

EVER  OFFERED  IN  THIS  MARKET. 


SPECIAL   INDUCEMENTS   TO   CASH  BUYERS. 


CHARLES  A.  SMITH  &  CO. 

IHcrdjant  Eatlors, 

18   AND    20    SCHOOL   STREET, 

BOSTON. 


Proctor  &  Moody, 


Stationers, 

Engravers, 


37  West  St., 
Boston. 


^^ 


.^ 


.^ 


ENGRAVING, 
PAPER,  CARDS,  X> 
ENVELOPES, 


^ 


CLASS-DAYS, 

WEDDINGS, 

CORRESPONDENCE. 

Proctop  &  Moody.  37  West  Street,  Boston. 


MEN'S    NECK    DRESSINGS, 

UNDERWEAR,   HOSIERY, 

ENGLISH   SILK  UMBRELLAS, 

And  ^A/'alking  Sticks, 

FULL  LINE  OF 

KID   AND    DOGSKIN    GLOVES. 

THE  REGENT  SHIRT  our  Specialty, 
NICHOLS  &  LASTER, 

67   Tremont   Street  (Tremont   HoLise), 
BOSTON. 


HATTERS, 

Importers,  and  dealers  in  fine 

American,  English,  and 

French  Hats, 

UMBRELLAS,  la'c., 

Adapted    for    Gents,    Ladies, 
and  Children. 


FURRIERS. 

Their  Dress  Furs,  for 
Ladies,  Gents,  and  Children, 
embrace  all  the  most  desira- 
ble kinds  in  fashionable  use. 
They  make  a  specialty  of  Man- 
ufacturing to  order  articles  to 
meet  the  wants  of  patrons. 


BOSTON. 


UNIVERSITY  AXD  SCHOOL    CAPS  MADE    TO    ORDER. 


D.     P.     ILSLEY    &    Co., 

3S5    WASHINGTOX    STREET    (OPl'OSITE    FRAN'KLIN) 


BRHM^RgNCH 


\slfa 


FURNISHINGS  FOR  STUDENT  ROOMS. 

CHAMBER  SETS,  CUSPADORES,  SMOKING  SETS,  CLOCKS, 
GLASSWARE,  AND  STUDY  LAMPS. 

All  Articles  in  Pottery  and  Porcelain  suitable  for  Gifts. 

89,  91,  &  93  Franklin  Street,  cor,  Devonshire,  Boston. 


f  ^, 


Eosas 


■n^HmffinsHH 


;^(| 


RiNTiNQ  mm 


m 


HEdlMPEPHO^Oap'HSiiiPrirjtGrsIi^k  -* 
HUaiMPE  LFF|10QIUiPHS  priiited  bYSteaiiL 
HEBOWPt  CIM  toprii|t  witli  %pe  -^is  -^K- 
HEtlQIYPE  PSIMM  liEPFEI^.SHOWCflRpS«^c 


BRILLIANT—  ENTERTAINING  —  ARTISTIC. 


OBLONG     QUARTO.  BOARDS,     $1.50. 

fwciity-six  pictures  hitting  off  very  effectively  the  folHes  and  sports,  the  occupations  and  eccentricities, 
college  hfe.       They  are  full  of  fun  and  good  humor. —  ^oifo«  Jourjial. 

HOUGHTON,  OSGOOD  AND  COMPANY,  BOSTON. 


W.    L.    CLARK    &    CO, 


W.  LORING  CLARK. 


SUCCESSORS   TO 


C.  M.  LITCHFIELD. 


USE  THE  ELEVATOR. 


WOULD   CALL   ATTENTION    TO   THE    MERITS    OF   THEIR    INK,    CRAYON,    AND   WATER-COLOR 
FINISHING    OF   COPIES    AND    LIFE    PORTRAITS. 


FIVE  THOUSAND  COPIES-SEVEN  EDITIONS- NOW  IN  USE. 


DEAN'S 

INTEREST  AND    EQUATION 
EXPONENTS. 

L.  L.  &  MOSES  KING,  ST.  LOUIS,  PROPRIETORS. 


For  averaging  accounts,  computing  interest,  and  ascertaining  time  and  dates,  this 
work  greatly  surpasses  anything  yet  pubh'shed.  The  book  is  used  throughout  the 
United  States  and  Canada.  Every  copy  is  sold  with  privilege  of  returning  if  it  is  not 
satisfactory.  Until  the  decimal  system  of  notation  is  superseded  this  work  will  con- 
tinue to  be  the  standard  for  finding  average  dates,  and  interest  at  any  rate  per  cent, 
either  of  sums  or  accounts.     Price,  post-paid,  $5.00.     Address  all  orders  to 

MOSES    KING, 

Harvard  College,  Cambridge,  Mass. 


L.  L.  &   MOSES    KING, 

ST.    LOUIS, 

INSURANCE 

AGENTS  AND  ADJUSTERS, 

REPRESENTATIVES  OF  LEADING 

American  and  Foreign  Companies, 

104  No.  Third  St.,  St.  Louis. 


SPECIAL  NOTICE  to  SENIOR  CLASS. 


WARD  fir»  ALLNUTT,  13  Brattle  St.,  Cambridge, 

Announce  that  they  are  fitting  up  commodious  rooms,  to  provide  a  Grand 

Lunch  for  seniors  and  their  friends  on  both  Class-Day  and 

Commencement-Day.      For  particulars,  inquire  at 

WARD  &  ALLNUTT'S 

DIISriISrG -ROOMS, 

13     BRATTLE    ST.,     CAMBRIDGE. 


CLASS-DAY   SPREADS    AND    PRIVATE    PARTIES    ATTENDED     TO. 
BOARDERS     TAKEN     AT     REASONABLE     RATES. 

THE 

CHARLES  RIVER   NATIONAL  BANK 

OF   CAMBRIDGE. 

STATE   CHARTER,    1832 NATIONAL,    1864. 

CAPITAL.  $100,000. 

SAMUEL   B.  RINDGE,  President.         WILLIAM  M.  SNOW,  Ass't  Cashier. 
EBEN    SNOW,   Casliier.  W  AIJTER  T.  BY.'NT,  Clerk  and  Mess' ffer 

DIRECTORS. 

SAMUEL  B.  RINDGE.  DAVID   B.  FLINT. 

WILLIAM  T.  RICHARDSON. 
WILLIAM   KIMBALL.  CHARLES   W.    SEVER. 

Discount  every  day. 

Located  at  No,  1  Harvard  Row, 


Fair  Harvard !  may  thy  sons  to  our  Establishment  throng, 

And  with  orders  surrender  tliee  o'er  : 
By  night  and  by  day  our  Presses  we  run; 

And,  like  Oliver,  they  still  cry  for  "  more." 
We  are  relic  and  TYPE  of  thy  ancestors'  worth; 

We  have  long  kept  their  memory  warm  : 
Fair  flower  in  the  day-time,  more  brilliant  by  night, 

We  are  open  through  change  and  through  storm ! 


w 


E   take   advantage,  in   printing  this   Edition   for   Mr.  King,  to   bring  to   the  notice  of 
Harvard  Men  the   facilities  of  our  Establishment  for  the  production  of  all  kinds  of 


__  _-  ._.  ^.^  _  _.  _  _  __.  -.  -  Modest  Visiting  Cards ;  Note  Heads  on  which  to  write  the  first 
H  k<  H  ^  ^ — ^  V  P  y\  ''^'t'^''  home  to  mamma ;  Envelopes  with  name  and  number  of 
■^    -*■  *'-'—'  '^  -*-  -*-  ^^^  -'— '  -*■  '  '   room,  to  demoralize  the  village  Postmaster. 

Swell  Cartes  de  Visite,  Fancy  Monograms,  Bills  of  Fare, 
Club  Programmes,  Menus.     Yum,  Yum  ! 

_  _  ^  -  _  _  --  _^  _.      Base  Ball  Books,  Regatta  Printing,  Billiard  Scores,  Society  Invitations, 
\      (   )  r\      1     Ball  Cards,  Tickets  of  every  description,  Theatrical  Programmes  in  all 

Stenographic  Reporters  furnished  for  heavy  works,  and  first-class 
ations  reproduced  in  three  days'  time;  Class-Day  and  Graduation 
uting  in  the  latest  style  of  the  art-preservative. 


SOPHOMORES, 


SENIORS,  s 


We  cordially  extend  an  invitation  to  the  survivors  of  the  Lampoon  to  call  and  examine  the 

ILarg£3t  ^rintinu  ISstablisfjment  in  Neto  3£nglanti. 


Printers   by    contract   to    the   Commonwealth   of  Massachusetts,   and   by   courtesy    to   their 
Royal  Nibs  —  the  Undergraduates  of  Harvard  University. 

117     FRANKLIN     STREET,     BOSTON. 


VALUABLE   PUBLICATIONS 

ISSUED   BY 

HOUGHTON.  OSGOOD  AND  COMPANY,  Boston; 


STANDARD    WORKS. 

Longfellow,  Whittier,  Bryant,  Lowell,  Emerson,  Hawthorne, 
Holmes,  Tennyson,  Andersen,  Bacon,  British  Poets,  Carlyle, 
Cooper,  Dickens,  De  Quincey,  Macaulay,  Montaigne,  Scott,  etc. 

BEAUTIFUL   ILLUSTRATED  BOOKS. 

IMPORTANT  LAW  AND  MEDICAL  BOOKS. 

USEFUL   BOOKS  ON  ART 

FAVORITE  JUVENILE  BOOKS. 

LATIN  AND   ENGLISH  SCHOOL   BOOKS. 

NUMEROUS  MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS. 
RELIGIOUS  AND  THEOLOGICAL   BOOKS. 

SMITH'S  DICTIONARY  OF  THE  BIBLE. 
KNIGHT'S    MECHANICAL    DICTIONARY. 


The  Atlantic  MontJily, 

With  life-size  portraits  of  Whittier,  Bryant,  and  Longfellow. 
The  Reporter,  a  first-class  weekly  law  periodical. 

The  American  Architect  and  Biiilding  News. 
The  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  J ouryial. 
The  U.  S.  Official  Postal  Guide. 


f^    A   full  Catalogue  of   Publications   furnished   on  application. 


UNIVERSITY  of  CALIFORNIA 

AT 

LOS  ANGELES 

LIBRARY 


Ll} 


„NI«RSm  OF  CAI^IFORNIA  UBRARV 

Los  Angeles 

stamped  below. 


This  book  is 


DUE  on  the  last  date  I 


UCLAYoung  Research   Library 

LD2154  .K58h    1878 
y 


L  009  549   104  9 


Ur  sriMTHFRf':  RFGI'Tifll  I  IRRARY  f  AGILITY 


AA     001  325  003       o 


